Maternal Conditions

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Disease Control Priorities in Developing Countries (2nd Edition)

1. 1. Investing in Health
   1. Child Health
   2. Conclusions
   3. The 20th Century Takeoff in Human Health
   4. The Economic Benefits of Better Health
2. 2. Intervention Cost–Effectiveness: Overview of Main Messages
   1. Assessing the Evidence on the Cost-Effectiveness of Interventions
   2. Discussion
3. 3. Strengthening Health Systems
   1. Assessment of Approaches to Strengthen Health System Capacity
   2. Health System Constraints on the Delivery of Public and Personal Health Services
   3. Solutions in Low-Capacity Environments
4. 4. Priorities for Global Research and Development of Interventions
   1. Needs, Context, Opportunities, and Major Challenges
5. 8. Improving the Health of Populations: Lessons of Experience
   1. Cases
   2. General Findings
   3. Intervention Type, Programmatic Characteristics, and Policies
6. 9. Millennium Development Goals for Health: What Will It Take to Accelerate Progress?
   1. Costing and Financing Additional Spending for the MDGs
   2. Scaling Up: Defining Interventions and Removing Constraints
   3. The Millennium Development Goals for Health: Progress and Prospects
   4. What Do Countries Need To Do?
7. 10. Gender Differentials in Health
   1. Antecedents
   2. Conclusions
   3. Cost-Effectiveness of Interventions
   4. Gender Differentials in Disease Burdens
   5. Priority Disease Groups for Women
   6. Women's Excess Disease Burdens
8. 11. Fiscal Policies for Health Promotion and Disease Prevention
   1. Subsidies for Health and Health-Related Products
   2. Use of Fiscal Policy for Health in Developing Countries
9. 13. Recent Trends and Innovations in Development Assistance for Health
   1. Conclusions
   2. Recent Innovations to Improve the Effectiveness of Development Assistance for Health
   3. Trends and Gaps in Development Assistance for Health
10. 15. Cost–Effectiveness Analysis for Priority Setting
    1. Cost-Effectiveness and Population Impact
    2. Definition and Characteristics of Interventions
11. 17. Sexually Transmitted Infections
    1. Bacterial and Viral STIs and Their Sequelae
    2. Effectiveness of the Principal Interventions
    3. Introduction
12. 18. HIV/AIDS Prevention and Treatment
    1. Action under Uncertainty
    2. Care and Treatment
    3. Prevention in Theory and Practice: Using Epidemic Profiles and Contextual Factors to Inform Prevention Guidelines
13. 19. Diarrheal Diseases
    1. Public Health Significance of Diarrheal Illnesses
14. 20. Vaccine–Preventable Diseases
    1. Causes and Epidemiology of Diseases Prevented by Vaccines Used in National Immunization Programs
    2. Conclusions
    3. Cost-Effectiveness of Increasing Immunization Coverage for the Traditional EPI
15. 24. Helminth Infections: Soil–Transmitted Helminth Infections and Schistosomiasis
    1. Burden of the Disease
    2. Causes and Characteristics of Helminth Infections
    3. Cost-Effectiveness Analysis of Interventions
16. 26. Maternal and Perinatal Conditions
    1. Acknowledgments
    2. Annex 26.A: CEA Model Assumptions
    3. Conclusions
    4. Cost-Effectiveness of Selected Intervention Packages
    5. Economic Benefits of Intervention
    6. Epidemiology of Maternal and Perinatal Conditions
    7. Interventions
    8. Lessons for Implementation
    9. Research and Development Needs
17. 27. Newborn Survival
    1. Conclusions
    2. Implementation
    3. Interventions
    4. Marginal Impact and Cost of Scaling Up Universal Neonatal Packages
    5. Neonatal Deaths
    6. Research Priorities
18. 28. Stunting, Wasting, and Micronutrient Deficiency Disorders
    1. Economic Benefits of Intervention
    2. Interventions
    3. Nature, Causes, and Burden of Undernutrition
    4. Program Implementation: Lessons of Experience
19. 30. Diabetes: The Pandemic and Potential Solutions
    1. Cost-Effectiveness of Interventions and Priorities
    2. Nature and Distribution of Diabetes
    3. Research and Development Agenda
20. 32. Neurological Disorders
    1. Epilepsy
21. 36. Diseases of the Kidney and the Urinary System
    1. Global Perspectives in Relation to RRT
22. 38. Oral and Craniofacial Diseases and Disorders
    1. Developmental Disorders
23. 42. Indoor Air Pollution
    1. Nature, Causes, and Burden of Condition
    2. The Research and Development Agenda
24. 44. Prevention of Chronic Disease by Means of Diet and Lifestyle Changes
    1. Chronic Disease Prevention
25. 47. Alcohol
    1. Epidemiology of Alcohol Use and Alcohol-Related Disease Conditions
26. 48. Illicit Opiate Abuse
    1. Annex 48.A: Prevalence of Use, Adverse Health Effects of and Interventions for Cannabis, Cocaine, Amphetamines, and MDMA Use and Dependence
27. 55. Drug Resistance
28. 57. Contraception
    1. Economic Benefits of Intervention
    2. Equity: Distributing the Benefits of Subsidies
    3. Intervention Cost and Cost-Effectiveness
    4. Interventions
    5. Nature, Causes, and Burden of the Conditions That Can Be Addressed
    6. Research and Development Agenda
29. 58. School–Based Health and Nutrition Programs
    1. Estimating the Burden of Disease
30. 59. Adolescent Health Programs
    1. Economic Analysis
    2. Interventions
    3. Nature and Causes of the Burden of Disease in Young People
    4. Program Implementation and Lessons of Experience
    5. Research and Development Agenda
31. 63. Integrated Management of the Sick Child
    1. Intervention Cost and Cost-Effectiveness
    2. Interventions
32. 64. General Primary Care
    1. A Research and Development Agenda for General Primary Care
    2. Conclusions
    3. The Effectiveness of General Primary Care
    4. The Scope of General Primary Care Practice
33. 65. The District Hospital
    1. Definitions, Basic Concepts, and Framework
    2. Effecting Change with Cross-Cutting Interventions
34. 67. Surgery
    1. Nature, Causes, and Burden of Surgical Conditions
35. 68. Emergency Medical Services
    1. Conclusions: Promises and Pitfalls
    2. Definitions
    3. Interventions for Emergency Care: Systems, Structures, and Organization
36. 71. Health Workers: Building and Motivating the Workforce
    1. Health Care Staff
37. 72. Ensuring Supplies of Appropriate Drugs and Vaccines
    1. Issues for the Future

Global Burden of Disease and Risk Factors

1. 1. Measuring the Global Burden of Disease and Risk Factors, 1990—2001
   1. Major Findings of the 2001 GBD Study
2. 3. The Burden of Disease and Mortality by Condition: Data, Methods, and Results for 2001
   1. Estimating Deaths by Cause: Methods and Data
   2. Estimating Incidence, Prevalence, and YLD: Methods and Data
   3. Global and Regional Mortality in 2001
   4. Global Burden of Disease in 2001
3. 4. Comparative Quantification of Mortality and Burden of Disease Attributable to Selected Risk Factors
   1. Burden of Disease Attributable to Individual Risk Factors
   2. Burden of Disease Attributable to Multiple Risk Factors
4. 6. Incorporating Deaths Near the Time of Birth into Estimates of the Global Burden of Disease
   1. Acknowledgments
   2. Annex 6A: Flexible Functional Forms for the Acquisition of Life Potential
   3. Annex 6B: Supplementary Tables
   4. Annex 6C: Causes of Neonatal Mortality: Comparison of Numbers from the Global Burden of Disease with those from the Child Health Epidemiology Reference Group
   5. Conclusions
   6. Stillbirths and Neonatal Mortality in the Context of the Global Burden Of Disease
   7. The Burden of Disease Resulting from Events Near the Time of Birth

Priorities in Health

1. 1. Accomplishments, Challenges, and Priorities
   1. Equity
   2. Putting DCP2 to Use
   3. This Volume
2. 2. Success in Addressing Priorities
   1. Cost-Effective Interventions Aimed at Building Health Systems
3. 3. Cost–Effectiveness Analysis
   1. What Are Appropriate Tasks for Cost-Effectiveness Analysis?
4. 4. Cost–Effective Strategies for the Excess Burden of Disease in Developing Countries
   1. Infectious and Communicable Diseases
   2. Maternal and Neonatal Health
5. 5. Cost–Effective Strategies for Noncommunicable Diseases, Risk Factors, and Behaviors
   1. Conclusion
   2. Congenital and Developmental Disorders
6. 7. Pillars of the Health System
   1. Human Resources
   2. Information, Surveillance, and Research
7. 8. The Way Forward: A Blueprint for Action

Chapter Presentations

Chapter 10. Gender Differentials in Health

1. Percentage of DALYs Resulting from Selected Conditions Specific to Women, 2001
2. Cost-effectiveness of Selected Interventions for Maternal Conditions

Chapter 26. Maternal and Perinatal Conditions

1. Direct Causes of Maternal Mortality
2. Estimates of Maternal Mortality, By Region, 2000

Chapter 57. Contraception

1. Average Cost of Family Planning Services per Infant and Maternal Death Averted
2. Maternal Burden of Disease Associated with Unwanted Pregnancy and Unsafe Abortion