Maternal Conditions

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Disease Control Priorities in Developing Countries (2nd Edition)

1. 1. Investing in Health
   1. The 20th Century Takeoff in Human Health
   2. The Economic Benefits of Better Health
   3. Child Health
   4. Conclusions
2. 2. Intervention Cost–Effectiveness: Overview of Main Messages
   1. Assessing the Evidence on the Cost-Effectiveness of Interventions
   2. Discussion
3. 3. Strengthening Health Systems
   1. Health System Constraints on the Delivery of Public and Personal Health Services
   2. Assessment of Approaches to Strengthen Health System Capacity
   3. Solutions in Low-Capacity Environments
4. 4. Priorities for Global Research and Development of Interventions
   1. Needs, Context, Opportunities, and Major Challenges
5. 8. Improving the Health of Populations: Lessons of Experience
   1. Cases
   2. General Findings
   3. Intervention Type, Programmatic Characteristics, and Policies
6. 9. Millennium Development Goals for Health: What Will It Take to Accelerate Progress?
   1. The Millennium Development Goals for Health: Progress and Prospects
   2. Scaling Up: Defining Interventions and Removing Constraints
   3. What Do Countries Need To Do?
   4. Costing and Financing Additional Spending for the MDGs
7. 10. Gender Differentials in Health
   1. Antecedents
   2. Gender Differentials in Disease Burdens
   3. Women's Excess Disease Burdens
   4. Priority Disease Groups for Women
   5. Cost-Effectiveness of Interventions
   6. Conclusions
8. 11. Fiscal Policies for Health Promotion and Disease Prevention
   1. Use of Fiscal Policy for Health in Developing Countries
   2. Subsidies for Health and Health-Related Products
9. 13. Recent Trends and Innovations in Development Assistance for Health
   1. Trends and Gaps in Development Assistance for Health
   2. Recent Innovations to Improve the Effectiveness of Development Assistance for Health
   3. Conclusions
10. 15. Cost–Effectiveness Analysis for Priority Setting
    1. Definition and Characteristics of Interventions
    2. Cost-Effectiveness and Population Impact
11. 17. Sexually Transmitted Infections
    1. Introduction
    2. Bacterial and Viral STIs and Their Sequelae
    3. Effectiveness of the Principal Interventions
12. 18. HIV/AIDS Prevention and Treatment
    1. Action under Uncertainty
    2. Prevention in Theory and Practice: Using Epidemic Profiles and Contextual Factors to Inform Prevention Guidelines
    3. Care and Treatment
13. 19. Diarrheal Diseases
    1. Public Health Significance of Diarrheal Illnesses
14. 20. Vaccine–Preventable Diseases
    1. Causes and Epidemiology of Diseases Prevented by Vaccines Used in National Immunization Programs
    2. Cost-Effectiveness of Increasing Immunization Coverage for the Traditional EPI
    3. Conclusions
15. 24. Helminth Infections: Soil–Transmitted Helminth Infections and Schistosomiasis
    1. Causes and Characteristics of Helminth Infections
    2. Burden of the Disease
    3. Cost-Effectiveness Analysis of Interventions
16. 26. Maternal and Perinatal Conditions
    1. Epidemiology of Maternal and Perinatal Conditions
    2. Interventions
    3. Cost-Effectiveness of Selected Intervention Packages
    4. Economic Benefits of Intervention
    5. Lessons for Implementation
    6. Research and Development Needs
    7. Conclusions
    8. Annex 26.A: CEA Model Assumptions
    9. Acknowledgments
17. 27. Newborn Survival
    1. Neonatal Deaths
    2. Interventions
    3. Marginal Impact and Cost of Scaling Up Universal Neonatal Packages
    4. Implementation
    5. Research Priorities
    6. Conclusions
18. 28. Stunting, Wasting, and Micronutrient Deficiency Disorders
    1. Nature, Causes, and Burden of Undernutrition
    2. Interventions
    3. Economic Benefits of Intervention
    4. Program Implementation: Lessons of Experience
19. 30. Diabetes: The Pandemic and Potential Solutions
    1. Nature and Distribution of Diabetes
    2. Cost-Effectiveness of Interventions and Priorities
    3. Research and Development Agenda
20. 32. Neurological Disorders
    1. Epilepsy
21. 36. Diseases of the Kidney and the Urinary System
    1. Global Perspectives in Relation to RRT
22. 38. Oral and Craniofacial Diseases and Disorders
    1. Developmental Disorders
23. 42. Indoor Air Pollution
    1. Nature, Causes, and Burden of Condition
    2. The Research and Development Agenda
24. 44. Prevention of Chronic Disease by Means of Diet and Lifestyle Changes
    1. Chronic Disease Prevention
25. 47. Alcohol
    1. Epidemiology of Alcohol Use and Alcohol-Related Disease Conditions
26. 48. Illicit Opiate Abuse
    1. Annex 48.A: Prevalence of Use, Adverse Health Effects of and Interventions for Cannabis, Cocaine, Amphetamines, and MDMA Use and Dependence
27. 55. Drug Resistance
28. 57. Contraception
    1. Nature, Causes, and Burden of the Conditions That Can Be Addressed
    2. Interventions
    3. Intervention Cost and Cost-Effectiveness
    4. Equity: Distributing the Benefits of Subsidies
    5. Economic Benefits of Intervention
    6. Research and Development Agenda
29. 58. School–Based Health and Nutrition Programs
    1. Estimating the Burden of Disease
30. 59. Adolescent Health Programs
    1. Nature and Causes of the Burden of Disease in Young People
    2. Interventions
    3. Economic Analysis
    4. Program Implementation and Lessons of Experience
    5. Research and Development Agenda
31. 63. Integrated Management of the Sick Child
    1. Interventions
    2. Intervention Cost and Cost-Effectiveness
32. 64. General Primary Care
    1. The Scope of General Primary Care Practice
    2. The Effectiveness of General Primary Care
    3. A Research and Development Agenda for General Primary Care
    4. Conclusions
33. 65. The District Hospital
    1. Definitions, Basic Concepts, and Framework
    2. Effecting Change with Cross-Cutting Interventions
34. 67. Surgery
    1. Nature, Causes, and Burden of Surgical Conditions
35. 68. Emergency Medical Services
    1. Interventions for Emergency Care: Systems, Structures, and Organization
    2. Conclusions: Promises and Pitfalls
    3. Definitions
36. 71. Health Workers: Building and Motivating the Workforce
    1. Health Care Staff
37. 72. Ensuring Supplies of Appropriate Drugs and Vaccines
    1. Issues for the Future

Global Burden of Disease and Risk Factors

1. 1. Measuring the Global Burden of Disease and Risk Factors, 1990—2001
   1. Major Findings of the 2001 GBD Study
2. 3. The Burden of Disease and Mortality by Condition: Data, Methods, and Results for 2001
   1. Estimating Deaths by Cause: Methods and Data
   2. Global and Regional Mortality in 2001
   3. Estimating Incidence, Prevalence, and YLD: Methods and Data
   4. Global Burden of Disease in 2001
3. 4. Comparative Quantification of Mortality and Burden of Disease Attributable to Selected Risk Factors
   1. Burden of Disease Attributable to Individual Risk Factors
   2. Burden of Disease Attributable to Multiple Risk Factors
4. 6. Incorporating Deaths Near the Time of Birth into Estimates of the Global Burden of Disease
   1. Stillbirths and Neonatal Mortality in the Context of the Global Burden Of Disease
   2. The Burden of Disease Resulting from Events Near the Time of Birth
   3. Conclusions
   4. Annex 6A: Flexible Functional Forms for the Acquisition of Life Potential
   5. Annex 6B: Supplementary Tables
   6. Annex 6C: Causes of Neonatal Mortality: Comparison of Numbers from the Global Burden of Disease with those from the Child Health Epidemiology Reference Group
   7. Acknowledgments

Priorities in Health

1. 1. Accomplishments, Challenges, and Priorities
   1. Equity
   2. Putting DCP2 to Use
   3. This Volume
2. 2. Success in Addressing Priorities
   1. Cost-Effective Interventions Aimed at Building Health Systems
3. 3. Cost–Effectiveness Analysis
   1. What Are Appropriate Tasks for Cost-Effectiveness Analysis?
4. 4. Cost–Effective Strategies for the Excess Burden of Disease in Developing Countries
   1. Infectious and Communicable Diseases
   2. Maternal and Neonatal Health
5. 5. Cost–Effective Strategies for Noncommunicable Diseases, Risk Factors, and Behaviors
   1. Congenital and Developmental Disorders
   2. Conclusion
6. 7. Pillars of the Health System
   1. Information, Surveillance, and Research
   2. Human Resources
7. 8. The Way Forward: A Blueprint for Action

Chapter Presentations

Chapter 10. Gender Differentials in Health

1. Percentage of DALYs Resulting from Selected Conditions Specific to Women, 2001
2. Cost-effectiveness of Selected Interventions for Maternal Conditions

Chapter 26. Maternal and Perinatal Conditions

1. Direct Causes of Maternal Mortality
2. Estimates of Maternal Mortality, By Region, 2000

Chapter 57. Contraception

1. Average Cost of Family Planning Services per Infant and Maternal Death Averted
2. Maternal Burden of Disease Associated with Unwanted Pregnancy and Unsafe Abortion