Vaccine-Preventable Diseases

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Disease Control Priorities in Developing Countries (2nd Edition)

1. 1. Investing in Health
   1. Health System Development and Finance
   2. Development Assistance for Health
   3. Conclusions
2. 2. Intervention Cost–Effectiveness: Overview of Main Messages
   1. Assessing the Evidence on the Cost-Effectiveness of Interventions
3. 3. Strengthening Health Systems
4. 4. Priorities for Global Research and Development of Interventions
   1. Needs, Context, Opportunities, and Major Challenges
   2. Priority Setting
   3. Key Recommendations
5. 5. Science and Technology for Disease Control: Past, Present, and Future
   1. Science, Technology, and Medicine in the Future
6. 6. Product Development Priorities
   1. Introduction
   2. Pharmaceutical Products
   3. Financing and Institutional Arrangements for New Product Development
   4. Regulatory and Liability Issues
7. 7. Economic Approaches to Valuing Global Health Research
8. 8. Improving the Health of Populations: Lessons of Experience
   1. Cases
   2. Intervention Type, Programmatic Characteristics, and Policies
9. 9. Millennium Development Goals for Health: What Will It Take to Accelerate Progress?
   1. What Do Countries Need To Do?
10. 11. Fiscal Policies for Health Promotion and Disease Prevention
11. 12. Financing Health Systems in the 21st Century
12. 13. Recent Trends and Innovations in Development Assistance for Health
    1. Trends and Gaps in Development Assistance for Health
    2. Making Development Assistance for Health More Effective: Lessons Learned
    3. Recent Innovations to Improve the Effectiveness of Development Assistance for Health
13. 15. Cost–Effectiveness Analysis for Priority Setting
    1. Definition and Characteristics of Interventions
14. 16. Tuberculosis
    1. Summary of Cost-Effectiveness Analyses
    2. Research and Development
15. 17. Sexually Transmitted Infections
    1. Effectiveness of the Principal Interventions
16. 19. Diarrheal Diseases
    1. Preventive Strategies
    2. Cost-Effectiveness of Interventions
    3. Research Agenda
17. 20. Vaccine–Preventable Diseases
    1. Causes and Epidemiology of Diseases Prevented by Vaccines Used in National Immunization Programs
    2. Estimates of the Current Burden of Vaccine-Preventable Diseases and of the Burden Averted by Vaccination
    3. Expanded Program on Immunization
    4. Costs and Cost-Effectiveness of Existing Vaccination Programs
    5. Cost-Effectiveness of Increasing Immunization Coverage for the Traditional EPI
    6. Costs and Cost-Effectiveness of Adding New Antigens to the Current Immunization Schedule
    7. Financial Sustainability of Immunization Programs
    8. Improving the Costs and Cost-Effectiveness of Immunization Programs
    9. Research Agenda
    10. Conclusions
    11. Acknowledgments
18. 23. Tropical Diseases Lacking Adequate Control Measures: Dengue, Leishmaniasis, and African Trypanosomiasis
    1. Problems and Challenges for Disease Control
19. 24. Helminth Infections: Soil–Transmitted Helminth Infections and Schistosomiasis
    1. Research and Development
20. 25. Acute Respiratory Infections in Children
    1. Causes of ARIs and the Burden of Disease
    2. Interventions
    3. Implementation of ARI Control Strategies: Lessons of Experience
    4. Research and Development Agenda
    5. Conclusions: Promises and Pitfalls
21. 27. Newborn Survival
22. 29. Health Service Interventions for Cancer Control in Developing Countries
23. 32. Neurological Disorders
24. 35. Respiratory Diseases of Adults
25. 53. Public Health Surveillance: A Tool for Targeting and Monitoring Intervention
26. 54. Information to Improve Decision Making for Health
    1. Systems and Supply of Health Information
    2. Benefits, Costs, and Cost-Effectiveness of Improved Information
27. 60. Occupational Health
28. 62. Control and Eradication
    1. Frameworks for Eradication
    2. Disease-Specific Case Studies
29. 63. Integrated Management of the Sick Child
30. 72. Ensuring Supplies of Appropriate Drugs and Vaccines
    1. Drug Policies
    2. Vaccine Policies
    3. Selection of Drugs
    4. Selection of Vaccines
    5. Procurement of Drugs
    6. Procurement of Vaccines
    7. Quality Assurance for Pharmaceuticals and Vaccines
    8. The WHO Prequalification Schemes
    9. Local Production of Pharmaceuticals
    10. Storage and Distribution of Essential Drugs and Vaccines
    11. Prescription and Rational Use of Drugs
    12. Dispensing
    13. Adherence
    14. Financing Issues
    15. Sustainable Financing of Vaccines and Immunizations
    16. Issues for the Future
    17. Vaccine Research Priorities
    18. Priorities for Pharmaceutical Research
    19. Conclusion

Global Burden of Disease and Risk Factors

1. 2. Demographic and Epidemiological Characteristics of Major Regions, 1990—2001
2. 3. The Burden of Disease and Mortality by Condition: Data, Methods, and Results for 2001
3. 4. Comparative Quantification of Mortality and Burden of Disease Attributable to Selected Risk Factors
4. 6. Incorporating Deaths Near the Time of Birth into Estimates of the Global Burden of Disease

Priorities in Health

1. 1. Accomplishments, Challenges, and Priorities
2. 2. Success in Addressing Priorities
   1. Successes That Strengthened Weak Health Systems
   2. Cost-Effective Interventions That Furthered Existing Health Systems
3. 3. Cost–Effectiveness Analysis
   1. What Are Appropriate Tasks for Cost-Effectiveness Analysis?
4. 4. Cost–Effective Strategies for the Excess Burden of Disease in Developing Countries
   1. Infectious and Communicable Diseases
5. 7. Pillars of the Health System
   1. Information, Surveillance, and Research

Chapter Presentations

Chapter 02. Intervention Cost-Effectiveness: Overview of Main Messages

1. Neglected Low-Cost Opportunities in Sub-Saharan Africa: Childhood Immunization, Malaria, and Childhood Illnesses
2. Neglected Low-Cost Opportunities in South Asia: Childhood Immunization, Lower Acute Respiratory Illness, and Maternal and Neonatal Care
3. Cost-effectiveness of Interventions for Dengue and Hepatitis B in Low- and Middle-Income Countries

Chapter 20. Vaccine-Preventable Diseases

1. Cost per Deaths and Disability Adjusted Life Years Averted by Vaccination, 2001
2. Deaths Averted by Vaccination for Hib and Hepatitis B, 2001
3. Deaths Averted by Vaccination for Measles and Yellow Fever, 2001
4. Annual Cost per Fully Immunized Child for the Traditional Childhood Vaccines, By Region, 2001
5. Annual Cost per Fully Immunized Child for the Traditional Childhood Vaccines, By Immunization Strategy, 2001
6. Disability Adjusted Life Years Lost from Vaccine-Preventable Diseases, 2001
7. Deaths Averted by Vaccination for Diphtheria and Whooping Cough, 2001
8. Deaths Averted by Vaccination for Tetanus and Polio, 2001

Chapter 60. Occupational Health

1. Impact of an Immunization Safety Program at Health Centers in Burkina Faso, 2000 and 2003