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Cost-Effective Interventions
Interventions are actions taken by or for individuals to reduce the risk, duration, or severity of adverse health conditions. Interventions may be population-based or personal.
DCP2 and GBD present what we know about which health interventions work for a comprehensive range of diseases, injuries, and disabilities in many different contexts. A large share of the disease burden in low- and middle-income countries is attributable to diseases and conditions for which cost-effective interventions are already known and feasible. Selecting the right intervention for a given disease and context matters a great deal. The tools on this page are designed to aid the task.
DCP2 and GBD demonstrate how decision makers could use cost-effectiveness information in combination with information on disease prevalence and avertable illness to determine which interventions should be extended and which ones should be questioned. If developing countries scale up interventions and extend health care services that are cost-effective, the impact on the disease burden could be substantial.
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Download Results (CSV) | Download Full Data Set (XLS)
| Condition | Intervention | Intervention type | Intervention description | Intervention setting | Objective | Target population | Cost effectiveness (US$/DALY) | Cost effectiveness estimate (US$) | Cost effectiveness range (US$/DALY) | Number of DALYs averted (hundreds) | Number of deaths averted (hundreds) | Quality of cost-effectiveness analysis evidence |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Diabetes | ACE inhibitor | Personal | ACE inhibitors for blood pressure control | Clinic | secondary prevention | Adults, Women of childbearing age | - | 620 per QALY (EAP); 830 per QALY (ECA); 1,020 per QALY (LAC); 870 per QALY (MNA); 510 per QALY (SAR); 460 per QALY (SSA) | - | - | - | 5 |
| Diabetes | Annual eye examination | Personal | Dilated eye examination to detect proliferative diabetic retinopathy and macular edema followed by appropriate photocoagulation therapy to prevent blindness | Clinic | secondary prevention | Adults, Women of childbearing age, Pregnant women | - | 420 per QALY (EAP); 560 per QALY (ECA); 700 per QALY (LAC); 590 per QALY (MNA); 350 per QALY (SAR); 320 per QALY (SSA) | - | - | - | 5 |
| Diabetes | Annual screening for microalbuminuria | Population | Screening for microalbuminuria and treating those who test positive | Clinic, Local or district hospital | population-oriented medical intervention | Adults, Women of childbearing age, Pregnant women | - | 3,310 per QALY (EAP); 4,450 per QALY (ECA); 5,510 per QALY (LAC); 4,680 per QALY (MNA); 2,760 per QALY (SAR); 2,500 per QALY (SSA) | - | - | - | 5 |
| Diabetes | Cholesterol control | Personal | Cholesterol control for people with total cholesterol higher than 200 milligrams/deciliter | Clinic | secondary prevention | Adults, Women of childbearing age, Pregnant women | - | 4,420 per QALY (EAP); 5,940 per QALY (ECA); 7,350 per QALY (LAC); 6,240 per QALY (MNA); 3,680 per QALY (SAR); 3,330 per QALY (SSA) | - | - | - | 5 |
| Diabetes | Influenza and pneumococcal vaccinations | Population | Influenza and pneumococcal vaccinations for elderly individuals with type 2 diabetes | Clinic | population-oriented medical intervention | Adults | - | 220 per QALY (EAP); 290 per QALY (ECA); 360 per QALY (LAC); 310 per QALY (MNA); 180 per QALY (SAR); 160 per QALY (SSA) | - | - | - | 5 |
| Diabetes | Intensive glycemic control | Personal | Intensive glucose control to lower the level of glucose in the person with diabetes to a level close to that of a person without diabetes, for people with HbA1c higher than 8 percent, in order to prevent or delay long-term diabetes complications | Clinic | secondary prevention | Adults, Women of childbearing age, Pregnant women | - | 2,410 per QALY (EAP); 3,230 per QALY (ECA); 4,000 per QALY (LAC); 3,400 per QALY (MNA); 2,000 per QALY (SAR); 1,810 per QALY (SSA) | - | - | - | 5 |
| Diabetes, ischemic heart disease, and stroke | Legislation with public education to reduce salt content | Population | Legislated reduction in salt content of manufactured foods and an accompanying public education campaign | Policy level | instrument of policy | All ages, Adults, Infants or children, Women of childbearing age, Pregnant women, Adolescents and adults, Mothers and infants | 1,937 | - | -- | 18.73 | -- | 5 |
| Diabetes | Lifestyle intervention (type 2 prevention) | Population | Behavioral change for weight reduction by means of a combination of a low-calorie diet and moderate physical activity | Clinic | personal behavior change | Adults, Women of childbearing age, Pregnant women, Adolescents and adults | - | 80 per QALY (EAP); 100 per QALY (ECA); 130 per QALY (LAC); 110 per QALY (MNA); 60 per QALY (SAR); 60 per QALY (SSA) | - | - | - | 5 |
| Diabetes, ischemic heart disease, and stroke | Media campaign to reduce saturated fat | Population | Media campaign to reduce saturated fat content in manufactured foods and replacing part of the saturated fat with polyunsaturated fat | Policy level | instrument of policy | All ages, Adults, Infants or children, Women of childbearing age, Pregnant women, Adolescents and adults, Mothers and infants | 2,617 | - | -- | 13.86 | -- | 5 |
| Diabetes | Metformin intervention for preventing type 2 diabetes | Personal | Metformin therapy for preventing type 2 diabetes among people at high risk, such as those with prediabetes | Clinic | primary prevention | Adults, Women of childbearing age | - | 2,180 per QALY (EAP); 2,930 per QALY (ECA); 3,630 per QALY (LAC); 3,080 per QALY (MNA); 1,820 per QALY (SAR); 1,640 per QALY (SSA) | - | - | - | 5 |
| Diabetes | Screening | Population | Screening of individuals at increased risk for undiagnosed diabetes | Clinic, Local or district hospital | population-oriented medical intervention | Adults, Women of childbearing age, Pregnant women | - | 5,140 per QALY (EAP); 6,910 per QALY (ECA); 8,550 per QALY (LAC); 7,260 per QALY (MNA); 4,280 per QALY (SAR); 3,870 per QALY (SSA) | - | - | - | 5 |
| Diabetes | Smoking cessation | Personal | Counseling and medication such as the nicotine patch | Clinic | primary prevention | Adults, Women of childbearing age, Pregnant women, Adolescents and adults | - | 870 per QALY (EAP); 1,170 per QALY (ECA); 1,450 per QALY (LAC); 1,230 per QALY (MNA); 730 per QALY (SAR); 660 per QALY (SSA) | - | - | - | 5 |
