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Cost-Effective Interventions
Interventions are actions taken by or for individuals to reduce the risk, duration, or severity of adverse health conditions. Interventions may be population-based or personal.
DCP2 and GBD present what we know about which health interventions work for a comprehensive range of diseases, injuries, and disabilities in many different contexts. A large share of the disease burden in low- and middle-income countries is attributable to diseases and conditions for which cost-effective interventions are already known and feasible. Selecting the right intervention for a given disease and context matters a great deal. The tools on this page are designed to aid the task.
DCP2 and GBD demonstrate how decision makers could use cost-effectiveness information in combination with information on disease prevalence and avertable illness to determine which interventions should be extended and which ones should be questioned. If developing countries scale up interventions and extend health care services that are cost-effective, the impact on the disease burden could be substantial.
Select Criteria
Download Results (CSV) | Download Full Data Set (XLS)
| Condition | Intervention | Intervention type | Intervention description | Intervention setting | Objective | Target population | Cost effectiveness (US$/DALY) | Cost effectiveness estimate (US$) | Cost effectiveness range (US$/DALY) | Number of DALYs averted (hundreds) | Number of deaths averted (hundreds) | Quality of cost-effectiveness analysis evidence |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Congestive heart failure | ACE inhibitor and beta-blocker, with diuretics | Personal | Use of ACE inhibitor and an optional beta-blocker (metoprolol), incremental to diuretics | Local or district hospital | secondary prevention | Adults, Women of childbearing age, Adolescents and adults | 150 | - | 27-274 | 11.59 | -- | 5 |
| Myocardial infarction | Aspirin and beta-blocker | Personal | Aspirin with or without betablocker (atenolol) | Local or district hospital, Referral hospital | acute management | Adults, Women of childbearing age, Adolescents and adults | 14 | - | 13-15 | 1.04 | -- | 5 |
| Ischemic heart disease | Aspirin, betablocker, and optional ACE inhibitor | Personal | Aspirin plus beta-blocker (atenolol) with optional ACE inhibitor (enalapril), with or without hospital availability | Local or district hospital, Referral hospital | secondary prevention | Adults, Women of childbearing age, Adolescents and adults | 688 | - | 451-926 | 8.4 | -- | 5 |
| Ischemic heart disease | Coronary artery bypass graft | Personal | Placement of grafts (usually saphenous vein or internal mammary artery) to bypass stenosed coronary arteries, while maintaining cerebral and peripheral circulation by cardiopulmonary bypass | Referral hospital | secondary prevention | Adults, Women of childbearing age, Adolescents and adults | 36,793 | - | -- | 0.76 | -- | 5 |
| Coronary artery disease | Legislation substituting 2% of trans fat with polyunsaturated fat at $0.50 per adult | Population | Legislation replacing 2% of dietary trans fat from partial hydrogenation in manufactured foods with polyunsaturated fat, at a cost of $0.50 per adult, and assuming a 7% reduction in coronary artery disease | Policy level | instrument of policy | Adults, Women of childbearing age, Pregnant women | 48 | - | -- | -- | -- | 5 |
| Coronary artery disease | Legislation substituting 2% of trans fat with polyunsaturated fat at $6 per adult | Population | Legislation replacing 2% of dietary trans fat from partial hydrogenation in manufactured foods with polyunsaturated fat, at a cost of $6 per adult, and assuming a 7-40% reduction in coronary artery disease | Policy level | instrument of policy | Adults, Women of childbearing age, Pregnant women | 838 | - | 199-1,478 | -- | -- | 5 |
| Diabetes, ischemic heart disease, and stroke | Legislation with public education to reduce salt content | Population | Legislated reduction in salt content of manufactured foods and an accompanying public education campaign | Policy level | instrument of policy | All ages, Adults, Infants or children, Women of childbearing age, Pregnant women, Adolescents and adults, Mothers and infants | 1,937 | - | -- | 18.73 | -- | 5 |
| Diabetes, ischemic heart disease, and stroke | Media campaign to reduce saturated fat | Population | Media campaign to reduce saturated fat content in manufactured foods and replacing part of the saturated fat with polyunsaturated fat | Policy level | instrument of policy | All ages, Adults, Infants or children, Women of childbearing age, Pregnant women, Adolescents and adults, Mothers and infants | 2,617 | - | -- | 13.86 | -- | 5 |
| Myocardial infarction and stroke | Polypill | Personal | Combination treatment with aspirin, beta-blocker, thiazide diuretic, ACE inhibitor and statin, based on 10-year risk of cardiovascular disease | Local or district hospital | secondary prevention | Adults, Women of childbearing age, Adolescents and adults | 409 | - | -- | -- | -- | 5 |
| Stroke and ischemic and hypertensive heart disease | Polypill by absolute risk approach | Personal | Combination treatment with aspirin, beta-blocker, thiazide diuretic, ACE inhibitor, and statin based on 10-year risk of cardiovascular disease | Local or district hospital, Referral hospital | primary prevention | Adults, Women of childbearing age, Adolescents and adults | 2,128 | - | 773-3,483 | 61.65 | -- | 5 |
| Ischemic heart disease | Statin, with aspirin and betablocker with ACE inhibitor | Personal | Statin (lovastatin), incremental to aspirin, beta-blocker (atenolol), and ACE inhibitor (enalapril), with or without hospital availability | Local or district hospital, Referral hospital | secondary prevention | Adults, Women of childbearing age, Adolescents and adults | 2,028 | - | 1,864-2,193 | 3.54 | -- | 5 |
| Myocardial infarction | Streptokinase, with aspirin and beta-blocker | Personal | Incremental use of streptokinase, in addition to aspirin and beta-blocker (atenolol) | Local or district hospital, Referral hospital | acute management | Adults, Women of childbearing age, Adolescents and adults | 671 | - | -- | 1.04 | -- | 5 |
| Myocardial infarction | Tissue plasminogen activator, with aspirin and beta-blocker | Personal | Incremental use of tissue plasminogen activator in addition to aspirin and beta-blocker (atenolol) | Local or district hospital | acute management | Adults, Women of childbearing age, Adolescents and adults | 15,869 | - | -- | 0.42 | -- | 5 |
