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Cost-Effective Interventions

Interventions are actions taken by or for individuals to reduce the risk, duration, or severity of adverse health conditions. Interventions may be population-based or personal.

DCP2 and GBD present what we know about which health interventions work for a comprehensive range of diseases, injuries, and disabilities in many different contexts. A large share of the disease burden in low- and middle-income countries is attributable to diseases and conditions for which cost-effective interventions are already known and feasible. Selecting the right intervention for a given disease and context matters a great deal. The tools on this page are designed to aid the task.

DCP2 and GBD demonstrate how decision makers could use cost-effectiveness information in combination with information on disease prevalence and avertable illness to determine which interventions should be extended and which ones should be questioned. If developing countries scale up interventions and extend health care services that are cost-effective, the impact on the disease burden could be substantial.

Select Criteria

Disease / Condition Setting Type Objective Target population

Download Results (CSV)  |  Download Full Data Set (XLS)

Condition Intervention Intervention type Intervention description Intervention setting Objective Target population Cost effectiveness (US$/DALY) Cost effectiveness estimate (US$) Cost effectiveness range (US$/DALY) Number of DALYs averted (hundreds) Number of deaths averted (hundreds) Quality of cost-effectiveness analysis evidence
Lower acute respiratory infections (nonsevere) Case management at community or facility level Personal Nonsevere infection diagnosed by breath rate and treated by a community health worker or at a health facility, with amoxicillin, acetaminophen, and possibly salbutamol Clinic, Community cure Infants or children, Mothers and infants 129 - 50-208 5.15 17.36 5
Lower acute respiratory infections (severe and very severe) Case management at hospital level Personal Severe or very severe infection diagnosed by breath rate and with x-ray tests and treated at a hospital with antibiotics and possibly salbutamol, oxygen, and prednisolone Local or district hospital cure Infants or children, Mothers and infants 4,530 - 2,916-6,144 0.48 1.57 5
Lower acute respiratory infections Casemanagement package at community, facility, and hospital levels Personal Comprehensive case-management strategy covering nonsevere infection being treated by a community health worker or at a health facility, severe infection treated at a hospital, and very severe infection treated at a hospital Clinic, Local or district hospital cure Infants or children, Mothers and infants 398 - -- 11.26 37.86 5
Silicosis Comfort or dust mask Population Comfort or dust mask with associated training Policy level instrument of policy Adults - 111-191a per DALY (USA and Canada); 117-174a (Western Pacific) - - - 3
Silicosis Engineering control Population Wet method e.g. spraying a surface or wetting a blade to reduce dust; local exhaust ventilation; total plant ventilation Policy level control of environmental hazards Adults - 105a per DALY (USA and Canada); 109a per DALY (Western Pacific) - - - 3
Pneumonia Improved quality of care Population Improved quality of care, including education for health providers and treatment of non-severe and severe pneumonia; varies with marginal improvement; low to average prevalence Clinic, Local or district hospital instrument of policy - 132-5,000a per death averted - - - 4
Indoor air pollution-related illness Improved stove Population Replacement of traditional open stoves with enclosed stoves that are more efficient and/or have flues for ventilation Policy level instrument of policy All ages, Adults, Infants or children, Women of childbearing age, Pregnant women, Adolescents and adults, Mothers and infants - 306-605 per healthy year (EAP); 975-1134 per healthy year (LAC); 379-471 per healthy year (MNA): 13-15 per healthy year (SAR); 21-26 per healthy year (SSA) - - - 5
Indoor air pollution-related illness Improved stove with kerosene or LPG Population Replacement of traditional open stoves with enclosed stoves that use kerosene or LPG Policy level instrument of policy All ages, Adults, Infants or children, Women of childbearing age, Pregnant women, Adolescents and adults, Mothers and infants - 26-85 per healthy year (EAP); 522-1416 per healthy year (ECA); 305-784 per healthy year (LAC); 227-624 per healthy year (MNA): 27-182 per healthy year (SAR); 46-304 per healthy year (SSA) - - - 5
Indoor air pollution-related illness Kerosene Population Substitution of wood, dung, and crop residues with kerosene for cooking and heating Policy level instrument of policy All ages, Adults, Infants or children, Women of childbearing age, Pregnant women, Adolescents and adults, Mothers and infants - 12-232 per healthy year (EAP); 172-188 per healthy year (ECA); 109-650 per healthy year (LAC); 98 per healthy year (MNA): 37-65 per healthy year (SAR); 62-87 per healthy year (SSA) - - - 5
Indoor air pollution-related illness Liquefied petroleum gas Population Substitution of wood, dung, and crop residues with liquefied petroleum gas for cooking and heating Policy level instrument of policy All ages, Adults, Infants or children, Women of childbearing age, Pregnant women, Adolescents and adults, Mothers and infants - 103-1746 per healthy year (EAP); 1258-1361 per healthy year (ECA); 806-1447 per healthy year (LAC); 779-785 per healthy year (MNA); 321-558 per healthy year (SA); 534-736 per healthy year (SSA) - - - 5
Silicosis Respirator Population Half-face or full-face respirator and associated training Policy level instrument of policy Adults - 300-305a per DALY (USA and Canada); 266-274a per DALY (Western Pacific) - - - 3

Download Results (CSV)  |  Download Full Data Set (XLS)

Source: Authors
Note: - = not available.
© 2006 The World Bank Group, All Rights Reserved.
The World Bank World Health Organization John E. Fogarty International Center Population Reference Bureau NLM Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation