MIC Reforms and Innovations for Achieving Universal Coverage| Organizational arrangement | Reforms or innovations |
| Social security | Opening affiliation to self-employed and informal sector workers |
| Mandating universal participation |
| Providing direct public subsidies to the organization for including the poor |
| Subsidizing premiums for the poor, self-employed, and workers in the informal sector |
| MOHs and NHSs | Separating the purchase and provision of care |
| Using public and private purchasing |
| Reforming provider payments |
| Private health insurance | Regulating voluntary health insurance |
| Making private insurers eligible for mandatory social security for health |
| Providing demand-side subsidies for health insurance |
| Integration reforms (reforms that allow synergic interaction of multiple organizational arrangements) | Using public and private purchasing |
| Providing demand-side subsidies for health insurance for the poor and for high-risk groups |
| Setting up risk equalization and solidarity funds |
| Providing health education to stimulate demand |
| Having a virtual single pool |
