Cost Effectiveness of Other Population-based Interventions| Condition | Intervention | Intervention description | Intervention setting | Objective | Target population | Cost-effectiveness estimate (US$)a | Quality of CEA evidenceb |
| Asthma | Education | Education in addition to exercise program | Clinic | Personal behavior change | Adults | 71,500/QALY (High-income countries) | 1 |
| Colorectal cancer | Fecal occult blood test | Fecal occult blood test to check stool samples for traces of blood; conducted annually or biennially | District hospital | Secondary prevention | Adults | 3,200-12,100 per YLS (High-income countries) | 2 |
| Diarrhea | Improved quality of care | Educational interventions to improve quality of care and encourage oral rehydration therapy in hospitals; varies with marginal improvement; low to average prevalence | Clinic/district hospital | Instrument of policy | All ages | 14-6000a per death averted | 4 |
| Diabetes | Lifestyle intervention (type 2 prevention) | Behavioral change for weight reduction by means of a combination of a low-calorie diet and moderate physical activity | Clinic | Personal behavior change | Adults | 80 per QALY (EAP); 100 per QALY (ECA); 130 per QALY (LAC); 110 per QALY (MNA); 60 per QALY (SAR); 60 per QALY (SSA) | 5 |
| Diabetes | Influenza and pneumococcal vaccinations | Influenza and pneumococcal vaccinations for elderly individuals with type 2 diabetes | Clinic | Population-oriented medical intervention | Elderly | 220 per QALY (EAP); 290 per QALY (ECA); 360 per QALY (LAC); 310 per QALY (MNA); 180 per QALY (SAR); 160 per QALY (SSA) | 5 |
| Diabetes | Screening | Screening of individuals at increased risk for undiagnosed diabetes | Clinic, district hospital | Population-oriented medical intervention | Adults over 25 | 5,140 per QALY (EAP); 6,910 per QALY (ECA); 8,550 per QALY (LAC); 7,260 per QALY (MNA); 4,280 per QALY (SAR); 3,870 per QALY (SSA) | 5 |
| Diabetes | Annual screening for microalbuminuria | Screening for microalbuminuria and treating those who test positive | Clinic, district hospital | Population-oriented medical intervention | Adults | 3,310 per QALY (EAP); 4,450 per QALY (ECA); 5,510 per QALY (LAC); 4,680 per QALY (MNA); 2,760 per QALY (SAR); 2,500 per QALY (SSA) | 5 |
| Indoor air pollution-related illness | Liquefied petroleum gas | Substitution of wood, dung, and crop residues with liquefied petroleum gas for cooking and heating | Policy level | Instrument of policy | All ages | 103-1746 per healthy year (EAP); 1258-1361 per healthy year (ECA); 806-1447 per healthy year (LAC); 779-785 per healthy year (MNA); 321-558 per healthy year (SA); 534-736 per healthy year (SSA) | 5 |
| Indoor air pollution-related illness | Kerosene | Substitution of wood, dung, and crop residues with kerosene for cooking and heating | Policy level | Instrument of policy | All ages | 12-232 per healthy year (EAP); 172-188 per healthy year (ECA); 109-650 per healthy year (LAC); 98 per healthy year (MNA): 37-65 per healthy year (SAR); 62-87 per healthy year (SSA) | 5 |
| Indoor air pollution-related illness | Improved stove | Replacement of traditional open stoves with enclosed stoves that are more efficient and/or have flues for ventilation | Policy level | Instrument of policy | All ages | 306-605 per healthy year (EAP); 975-1134 per healthy year (LAC); 379-471 per healthy year (MNA): 13-15 per healthy year (SAR); 21-26 per healthy year (SSA) | 5 |
| Indoor air pollution-related illness | Improved stove with kerosene or LPG | Replacement of traditional open stoves with enclosed stoves that use kerosene or LPG | Policy level | Instrument of policy | All ages | 26-85 per healthy year (EAP); 522-1416 per healthy year (ECA); 305-784 per healthy year (LAC); 227-624 per healthy year (MNA): 27-182 per healthy year (SAR); 46-304 per healthy year (SSA) | 5 |
| Lung cancer | Early detection screening | Screening of high-risk individuals, such as current and former smokers, for lung cancer using helical computed tomography | District hospital | Population-oriented medical intervention | Adults | 20,000-100,000 per YLS (USA) | 3 |
| Pneumonia | Improved quality of care | Improved quality of care, including education for health providers and treatment of non-severe and severe pneumonia; varies with marginal improvement; low to average prevalence | Clinic/district hospital | Instrument of policy | Children | 132-5,000a per death averted | 4 |
| Pollution-related illness | Control of toxins related to energy industry | Interventions include coal-fired power plant emissions controls, gasoline lead reduction, and desulphuring residual fuel oil | Policy level | Instrument of policy | All ages | less than 0 per LYS (USA) | 1 |
| Pollution-related illness | Control of toxins related to agriculture and forestry | Interventions include targeted pesticide bans and emissions standards at processing facilities | Policy level | Instrument of policy | All ages | less than 0 per LYS (USA) | 1 |
| Pollution-related illness | Control of toxins related to residential sector | Interventions include radon remediation and sedimentation, filtration, and chlorination of drinking water | Policy level | Instrument of policy | All ages | 5320-7730 per LYS (USA) | 1 |
| Pollution-related illness | Control of toxins related to industrial sector | Interventions include arsenic emissions standards at copper smelters and asbestos ban for brake linings | Policy level | Instrument of policy | All ages | less than 45,600 per LYS (USA) | |
| Silicosis | Engineering control | Wet method e.g. spraying a surface or wetting a blade to reduce dust; local exhaust ventilation; total plant ventilation | Policy level | Control of environmental hazards | Working adults | 105a per DALY (USA and Canada); 109a per DALY (Western Pacific) | 3 |
| Silicosis | Comfort or dust mask | Comfort or dust mask with associated training | Policy level | Instrument of policy | Working adults | 111-191a per DALY (USA and Canada); 117-174a (Western Pacific) | 3 |
| Silicosis | Respirator | Half-face or full-face respirator and associated training | Policy level | Instrument of policy | Working adults | 300-305a per DALY (USA and Canada); 266-274a per DALY (Western Pacific) | 3 |
