References
D. Addiss, J. Critchley, H. Ejere, P. Garner, H. Gelband and C. Gamble. 2004. Albendazole for Lymphatic Filariasis Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews 1 CD003753
Akhavan, D. 1998. Analise de custo-efetividade do programa de controle da doenca de Chagas no Brasil. Brasilia: Pan American Health Organization.
U. V. Amazigo, M. Obono, K. Y. Dadzie, J. Remme, J. Jiya, R. Ndyomugyenyi , et al. , et al.. 2002. Monitoring Community-Directed Treatment Programs for Sustainability: Lessons from the African Programme for Onchocerciasis Control (APOC) Annals of Tropical Medicine and Parasitology 96: Suppl. 1 S75 - 92 (PubMed)
M. A. Basombrio, C. J. Schofield, C. L. Rojas and E. C. del Rey. 1998. A Cost-Benefit Analysis of Chagas Disease Control in North-western Argentina Transactions of the Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene 92: 2 137 - 43 (PubMed)
W. Bekri, S. Gebre, A. Mengiste, P. R. Saunderson and S. Zewge. 1998. Delay in Presentation and Start of Treatment in Leprosy Patients: A Case-Control Study of Disabled and Non-Disabled Patients in Three Different Settings in Ethiopia International Journal of Leprosy and Other Mycobacterial Diseases 66: 1 1 - 9 (PubMed)
B. Benton. 1998. Economic Impact of Onchocerciasis Control through the African Programme for Onchocerciasis Control: An Overview Annals of Tropical Medicine and Parasitology 92: Suppl. 1 S33 - 39 (PubMed)
G. J. J. M. Borsboom, B. A. Boatin, N. J. D. Nagelkerke, H. Agoua, K. L. B. Akpoboua, E. W. S. Alley , et al. , et al.. 2003. Impact of Ivermectin on Onchocerciasis Transmission: Assessing the Empirical Evidence That Repeated Ivermectin Mass Treatments May Lead to Elimination/Eradication in West-Africa Filaria Journal 2: 1 8 (PubMed)
M. Boussinesq, S. D. Pion, Demanga-Ngangue and J. Kamgno. 2002. Relationship between Onchocerciasis and Epilepsy: A Matched Case-Control Study in the Mbam Valley, Republic of Cameroon Transactions of the Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene 96: 5 537 - 41 (PubMed)
T. Burkot and K. Ichimori. 2002. The PacELF Program: Will Mass Drug Administration Be Enough? Trends in Parasitology 18: 3 109 - 15 (PubMed)
K. Y. Dadzie, J. Remme, A. Rolland and B. Thylefors. 1989. Ocular Onchocerciasis and Intensity of Infection in the Community: II. West African Rainforest Foci of the Vector Simulium yahense Tropical Medicine and Parasitology 40: 3 348 - 54 (PubMed)
N. S. Dharmshaktu, B. N. Barkakaty, P. K. Patnaik and M. A. Arif. 1999. Progress towards Elimination of Leprosy as a Public Health Problem in India and Role of Modified Leprosy Elimination Campaign Leprosy Review 70: 4 430 - 39 (PubMed)
J. C. Dias. 1987. Control of Chagas' Disease in Brazil Parasitology Today 3: 11 336 - 41 (PubMed)
B. Diffey, M. Vaz, M. J. Soares, A. J. Jacob and L. S. Piers. 2000. The Effect of Leprosy-Induced Deformity on the Nutritional Status of Index Cases and Their Household Members in Rural South India: A Socioeconomic Perspective European Journal of Clinical Nutrition 54: 8 643 - 49 (PubMed)
G. Dreyer, P. Dreyer and J. Noroes. 2002. Recommendations for the Treatment of Bancroftian filariasis in Symptomless and Diseased Patients Revista da Sociedade Brasileira de Medicina Tropical 35: 1 43 - 50 (PubMed)
G. Dreyer, J. Noroes, J. Figueredo-Silva and W. F. Piessens. 2000. Pathogenesis of Lymphatic Disease in Bancroftian filariasis: A Clinical Perspective Parasitology Today 16: 12 544 - 48 (PubMed)
P. E. Fine and P. G. Smith. 1996. Vaccination against Leprosy: The View from 1996 Leprosy Review 67: 4 249 - 52 (PubMed)
R. Ganapati, C. R. Revankar, V. V. Pai, S. Kingsley and S. N. Prasad. 2001. Can Cost of Leprosy Case Detection in Urban Areas Be Further Reduced? International Journal of Leprosy and Other Mycobacterial Diseases 69: 4 349 - 51 (PubMed)
D. R. Gwatkin, M. Guillot and P. Heuveline. 1999. The Burden of Disease among the Global Poor Lancet 354: 9178 586 - 89 (PubMed)
J. O. Gyapong, D. Kyelem, I. Kleinschmidt , et al. , et al.. 2002. The Use of Spatial Analysis in Mapping the Distribution of Bancroftian filariasis in Four West African Countries Annals of Tropical Medicine and Parasitology 96: 7 695 - 705 (PubMed)
J. O. Gyapong, V. Kumaraswami, G. Biswas and E. A. Ottesen. 2005. Treatment Strategies Underpinning the Global Programme to Eliminate Lymphatic Filariasis Expert Opinion on Pharmacotherapy 6: 2 179 - 200 (PubMed)
M. Homeida, E. Braide, E. Elhassan, U. V. Amazigo, B. Liese, B. Benton , et al. , et al.. 2002. APOC's Strategy of Community-Directed Treatment with Ivermectin (CDTI) and Its Potential for Providing Additional Health Services to the Poorest Populations: African Programme for Onchocerciasis Control Annals of Tropical Medicine and Parasitology 96: Suppl. 1 S93 - 104 (PubMed)
ILA (International Leprosy Association). 2002. Report of the International Leprosy Association Technical Forum, Paris, France, 22-28 February 2002 International Journal of Leprosy and Other Mycobacterial Diseases 70: Suppl. 1 S1 - 62 (PubMed)
S. A. Jagannathan, V. Ramamurthy, S. J. Jeyaraj and S. Regina. 1993. A Pilot Project on Community Based Rehabilitation in South India: A Preliminary Report Indian Journal of Leprosy 65: 3 315 - 22 (PubMed)
M. A. Khan, J. D. Walley, S. N. Witter, A. Imran and N. Safdar. 2002. Costs and Cost-Effectiveness of Different DOT Strategies for the Treatment of Tuberculosis in Pakistan: Directly Observed Treatment Health Policy and Planning 17: 2 178 - 86 (PubMed)
Kim, A., and B. Benton. 1995. Cost-Benefit Analysis of the Onchocerciasis Control Programme (OCP). Washington, DC: World Bank.
S. N. Kopparty. 1995. Problems, Acceptance, and Social Inequality: A Study of the Deformed Leprosy Patients and their Families Leprosy Review 66: 3 239 - 49 (PubMed)
Mathers, C. D., A. Lopez, and Christopher Murray. 2006. "The Burden of Disease and Mortality by Condition: Data, Methods, and Results for the Year 2001." In Global Burden of Disease and Risk Factors, ed. A. Lopez, C. Mathers, M. Ezzati, D. Jamison, and C. Murray. New York: Oxford University Press.
C. A. Maxwell, C. F. Curtis, H. Haji, S. Kisumku, A. I. Thalib and S. A. Yahya. 1990. Control of Bancroftian filariasis by Integrating Therapy with Vector Control Using Polystyrene Beads in Wet Pit Latrines Transactions of the Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene 84: 5 709 - 14 (PubMed)
A. Meima, P. R. Saunderson, S. Gebre, K. Desta, G. J. van Oortmarssen and J. D. Habbema. 1999. Factors Associated with Impairments in New Leprosy Patients: The AMFES Cohort Leprosy Review 70: 2 189 - 203 (PubMed)
D. H. Molyneux. 1995. Onchocerciasis Control in West Africa: Current Status and Future of the Onchocerciasis Control Programme Parasitology Today 11: 399 - 402
M. E. Murdoch, M. C. Asuzu, M. Hagan, W. H. Makunde, P. Ngoumou, K. F. Ogbuagu , et al. , et al.. 2002. Onchocerciasis: The Clinical and Epidemiological Burden of Skin Disease in Africa Annals of Tropical Medicine and Parasitology 96: 3 283 - 96 (PubMed)
M. Noma, B. E. Nwoke, I. Nutall, P. A. Tambala, P. Enyong, A. Namsenmo , et al. , et al.. 2002. Rapid Epidemiological Mapping of Onchocerciasis (REMO): Its Application by the African Programme for Onchocerciasis Control (APOC) Annals of Tropical Medicine and Parasitology 96: Suppl. 1 S29 - 39 (PubMed)
E. A. Ottesen. 2000. The Global Programme to Eliminate Lymphatic Filariasis Tropical Medicine and International Health 5: 9 591 - 94 (PubMed)
E. A. Ottesen, B. O. Duke, M. Karam and K. Behbehani. 1997. Strategies and Tools for the Control/Elimination of Lymphatic Filariasis Bulletin of the World Health Organization 75: 6 491 - 503 (PubMed)
D. H. Peters and T. Phillips. 2004. Mectizan Donation Program: Evaluation of a Public-Private Partnership Tropical Medicine and International Health 9: 4 A4 - 15 (PubMed)
Plag, I. 1995. Guidelines for Cost Analysis in Leprosy Control Programmes. Amsterdam: Royal Tropical Institute.
R. Rajendran, I. P. Sunish, T. R. Mani, A. Munirathinam, S. M. Abdullah, D. J. Augustin and K. Satyanarayana. 2002. The Influence of the Mass Administration of Diethylcarbamazine, Alone or with Albendazole, on the Prevalence of Filarial Antigenaemia Annals of Tropical Medicine and Parasitology 96: 6 595 - 602 (PubMed)
K. D. Ramaiah and P. K. Das. 2004. Mass Drug Administration to Eliminate Lymphatic Filariasis in India Trends in Parasitology 20: 11 499 - 502 (PubMed)
K. D. Ramaiah, P. K. Das and V. Dhanda. 1994. Estimation of Permissible Levels of Transmission of Bancroftian filariasis Based on Some Entomological and Parasitological Results of a Five-Year Vector Control Program Acta Tropica 56: 1 89 - 96 (PubMed)
K. D. Ramaiah, P. K. Das, E. Michael and H. Guyatt. 2000. The Economic Burden of Lymphatic Filariasis in India Parasitology Today 16: 6 251 - 53 (PubMed)
K. D. Ramaiah, P. K. Das, P. Vanamail and S. P. Pani. 2003. The Impact of Six Rounds of Single-Dose Mass Administration of Diethylcarbamazine or Ivermectin on the Transmission of Wuchereria bancrofti by Culex quinquefasciatus and Its Implications for Lymphatic Filariasis Elimination Programs Tropical Medicine and International Health 8: 12 1082 - 92 (PubMed)
K. Ramu, K. D. Ramaiah, H. Guyatt and D. Evans. 1996. Impact of Lymphatic Filariasis on the Productivity of Male Weavers in a South Indian Village Transactions of the Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene 90: 6 669 - 70 (PubMed)
J. H. F. Remme. 1995. The African Programme for Onchocerciasis Control: Preparing to Launch Parasitology Today 11: 403 - 6
———. 2004a. "The Global Burden of Onchocerciasis in 1990." In Global Burden of Disease 1990. Geneva: World Health Organization. http://www3.who.int/whosis/burden/gbd2000docs/Onchocerciasis%201990.pdf.
———.2004b. Research for Control: The Onchocerciasis Experience Tropical Medicine and International Health 9: 2 243 - 54 (PubMed)
Remme, J. H. F., E. S. Alley, and A. P. Plaisier. 1995. "Estimation and Prediction in Tropical Disease Control: The Example of Onchocerciasis." In Epidemic Models: Their Structure and Relation to Data, ed. D. Mollison, 372-92. Cambridge, U.K.: Cambridge University Press.
J. H. Remme, F. Blas, L. Chitsulo, P. M. Desjeux, H. D. Engers, T. P. Kanyok , et al. , et al.. 2002. Strategic Emphases for Tropical Diseases Research: A TDR Perspective Trends in Parasitology 18: 10 421 - 26 (PubMed)
R. Reuben, R. Rajendran, I. P. Sunish, T. R. Mani, S. C. Tewari, J. Hiriyan , et al. , et al.. 2001. Annual Single-Dose Diethylcarbamazine plus Ivermectin for Control of Bancroftian filariasis: Comparative Efficacy with and without Vector Control Annals of Tropical Medicine and Parasitology 95: 4 361 - 78 (PubMed)
F. O. Richards, B. Boatin, M. Sauerbrey and A. Seketeli. 2001. Control of Onchocerciasis Today: Status and Challenges Trends in Parasitology 17: 12 558 - 63 (PubMed)
F. O. Richards, D. Pam, A. Kal, G. Gerlong, J. Oneyka, Y. Sambo , et al. , et al.. 2005. Significant Decrease in the Prevalence of Wuchereria ban-crofti Infection in Anopheline Mosquitoes Following the Addition of Albendazole to Annual, Ivermectin-Based, Mass Treatments in Nigeria Annals of Tropical Medicine and Parasitology 99: 2 155 - 64 (PubMed)
Robles, M. C. 1997. Analisis costo-efectividad de las intervenciones de salud en Bolivia. La Paz: Unidad de Analisis de Politicas Sociales.
A. R. Salvatella and W. Vignolo. 1996. Una aproximacion a los costos de internacion por cardiopatia Chagasica en Uruguay Revista da Sociedade Brasileira de Medicina Tropical 29: Suppl. 114 - 18
H. Schenone. 1998. Human Infection by Trypanosoma Cruzi in Chile: Epidemiology Estimates and Costs of Care and Treatment of the Chagasic Patient Boletin Chileno de Parasitologia 53: 1-2 23 - 26 (PubMed)
Schmunis, G. A. 2000. "A tripanossomiase Americana e seu impacto na saude publica das Americas." In Trypanosoma cruzi e doenca de Chagas, 2nd ed., ed. Z. Brener, Z. Andrade, and M. Barral-Neto, 1-15. Rio de Janeiro: Guanabara-Koogan.
G. A. Schmunis, F. Zicker, J. R. Cruz and P. Cuchi. 2001. Safety of Blood Supply for Infectious Diseases in Latin American Countries, 1994-1997 American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene 65: 6 924 - 30 (PubMed)
G. A. Schmunis, F. Zicker, F. Pinheiro and D. Brandling-Bennett. 1998. Risk of Transfusion-Transmitted Infectious Diseases in Latin America Emerging Infectious Diseases 4: 5 - 11 (PubMed)
C. J. Schofield and J. C. Dias. 1991. A Cost-Benefit Analysis of Chagas' Disease Control Memorias do Instituto Oswaldo Cruz 86: 3 285 - 95
G. Seboka, P. Saunderson and H. Currie. 1998. Footwear for Farmers Affected by Leprosy Leprosy Review 69: 2 182 - 83 (PubMed)
A. Seketeli, G. Adeoye, A. Eyamba, E. Nnoruka, P. Drameh, U. V. Amazigo , et al. , et al.. 2002. The Achievements and Challenges of the African Programme for Onchocerciasis Control (APOC) Annals of Tropical Medicine and Parasitology 96: Suppl. 1 15 - 28 (PubMed)
C. M. Smith and W. C. Smith. 2000. Chemoprophylaxis Is Effective in the Prevention of Leprosy in Endemic Countries: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. MILEP2 Study Group—Mucosal Immunology of Leprosy Journal of Infection 41: 2 137 - 42 (PubMed)
W. C. Smith. 1999. Future Scope and Expectations: Why, When, and How LECs Should Continue Leprosy Review 70: 4 498 - 505 (PubMed)
Special Programme for Research and Training in Tropical Diseases. 2003. Report of the Scientific Working Group Meeting on Leprosy. Geneva: World Health Organization.
W. A. Stolk, S. Swaminathan, G. J. van Oortmarssen, P. K. Das and J. D. Habbema. 2003. Prospects for Elimination of Bancroftian Filariasis by Mass Drug Treatment in Pondicherry, India: A Simulation Study Journal of Infectious Diseases 188: 9 1371 - 81 (PubMed)
S. M. van Beers, M. Hatta and P. R. Klatser. 1999. Patient Contact Is the Major Determinant in Incident Leprosy: Implications for Future Control International Journal of Leprosy and Other Mycobacterial Diseases 67: 2 119 - 28 (PubMed)
W. H. van Brakel. 2000. Peripheral Neuropathy in Leprosy and Its Consequences Leprosy Review 71: Suppl. S146 - 53 (PubMed)
W. H. van Brakel and A. M. Anderson. 1998. A Survey of Problems in Activities of Daily Living among Persons Affected by Leprosy Asia Pacific Disability and Rehabilitation Journal 9: 2 62 - 67
C. Vlassoff, M. Weiss, E. B. Ovuga, C. Eneanya, P. T. Nwel, S. S. Babalola , et al. , et al.. 2000. Gender and the Stigma of Onchocercal Skin Disease in Africa Social Science and Medicine 50: 10 1353 - 68 (PubMed)
WHO (World Health Organization). 1991. Control of Chagas' Disease: Report of a WHO Expert Committee. Technical Report 811. Geneva: WHO.
———. 1995a. Onchocerciasis and Its Control: Report of a WHO Expert Committee on Onchocerciasis Control. Technical Report 852. Geneva: WHO.
———. 1995b. World Health Report 1995: Bridging the Gaps. Geneva: WHO.
———.2002a. Control of Chagas Disease: Second Report of the WHO Expert Committee. Technical Report 109. Geneva: WHO.
———. 2002b. The Final Push Strategy to Eliminate Leprosy as a Public Health Problem: Questions and Answers. Geneva: WHO.
———. 2002c. Lymphatic Filariasis: The Disease and Its Control. Technical Report 71. Geneva: WHO.
———. 2002d. The World Health Report 2002: Reducing Risks, Promoting Healthy Life. Technical Report 248. Geneva: WHO.
———. 2004a. World Health Organization: Leprosy Elimination Project Status Report 2003. Geneva: WHO.
———. 2004b. World Health Report 2004: Changing History. Geneva: WHO.
World Bank. 1993. World Development Report 1993: Investing in Health. New York: Oxford University Press.
P. A. Zimmerman, K. Y. Dadzie, G. De Sole, J. Remme, E. S. Alley and T. R. Unnasch. 1992. Onchocerca volvulus DNA Probe Classification Correlates with Epidemiologic Patterns of Blindness Journal of Infectious Diseases 165: 5 964 - 68 (PubMed)
