Table
1.2:
Deaths and Burden of Disease Attributable to Risk Factors—Low- and Middle-Income Countries, High-Income Countries, and World, 2001
Deaths and Burden of Disease Attributable to Risk Factors—Low- and Middle-Income Countries, High-Income Countries, and World, 2001
|
Low- and middle-income
|
High-income
|
World
|
|
Deaths
|
DALYs(3,0)
a
|
Deaths
|
DALYs(3,0)
a
|
Deaths
|
DALYs(3,0)
a
|
|
Total number (thousands)
|
48,351
|
1,386 709
|
7,891
|
149,161
|
56,242
|
1,535 871
|
|
Rate per 1,000 population
|
9.3
|
265.7
|
8.5
|
160.6
|
9.1
|
249.8
|
|
Age-standardized rate per 1,000
b
|
11.4
|
281.7
|
5.0
|
128.2
|
10.0
|
256.5
|
|
Risk factor
|
Number in thousands (percent)
|
|
Childhood and maternal undernutrition
|
|
Childhood underweight |
3,630 (7.5) |
120,579 (8.7) |
0 (0.0) |
67 (<0.1) |
3,630 (6.5) |
120,647 (7.9) |
|
Iron-deficiency anemia |
613 (1.3) |
23,933 (1.7) |
8 (0.1) |
789 (0.5) |
621 (1.1) |
24,722 (1.6) |
|
Vitamin A deficiency |
800 (1.7) |
24,686 (1.8) |
0 (0.0) |
0 (0.0) |
800 (1.4) |
24,686 (1.6) |
|
Zinc deficiency |
849 (1.8) |
27,631 (2.0) |
0 (0.0) |
5 (<0.1) |
849 (1.5) |
27,636 (1.8) |
|
Other nutrition-related risk factors and physical activity
|
|
High blood pressure |
6,223 (12.9) |
78,063 (5.6) |
1,392 (17.6) |
13,887 (9.3) |
7,615 (13.5) |
91,950 (6.0) |
|
High cholesterol |
3,038 (6.3) |
42,815 (3.1) |
842 (10.7) |
9,431 (6.3) |
3,880 (6.9) |
52,246 (3.4) |
|
Overweight and obesity |
1,747 (3.6) |
31,515 (2.3) |
614 (7.8) |
10,733 (7.2) |
2,361 (4.2) |
42,248 (2.8) |
|
Low fruit and vegetable intake |
2,308 (4.8) |
32,836 (2.4) |
333 (4.2) |
3,982 (2.7) |
2,641 (4.7) |
36,819 (2.4) |
|
Physical inactivity |
1,559 (3.2) |
22,679 (1.6) |
376 (4.8) |
4,732 (3.2) |
1,935 (3.4) |
27,411 (1.8) |
|
Addictive substances
|
|
Smoking |
3,340 (6.9) |
54,019 (3.9) |
1,462 (18.5) |
18,900 (12.7) |
4,802 (8.5) |
72,919 (4.7) |
|
Alcohol use |
1,869 (3.9) |
49,449 (3.6) |
24 (0.3) |
6,580 (4.4) |
1,893 (3.4) |
56,029 (3.6) |
|
Illicit drug use |
189 (0.4) |
7,890 (0.6) |
37 (0.5) |
2,024 (1.4) |
226 (0.4) |
9,914 (0.6) |
|
Sexual and reproductive health
|
|
Unsafe sex |
2,819 (5.8) |
80,270 (5.8) |
32 (0.4) |
909 (0.6) |
2,851 (5.1) |
81,179 (5.3) |
|
Non-use and use of ineffective methods of contraception |
162 (0.3) |
7,411 (0.5) |
0 (0.0) |
23 (<0.1) |
162 (0.3) |
7,434 (0.5) |
|
Environmental risks
|
|
Unsafe water, sanitation, and hygiene |
1,563 (3.2) |
51,622 (3.7) |
4 (<0.1) |
289 (0.2) |
1,567 (2.8) |
51,911 (3.4) |
|
Urban air pollution |
735 (1.5) |
8,707 (0.6) |
76 (1.0) |
664 (0.4) |
811 (1.4) |
9,371 (0.6) |
|
Indoor smoke from household use of solid fuels |
1,791 (3.7) |
41,731 (3.0) |
0 (0.0) |
2 (<0.1) |
1,791 (3.2) |
41,734 (2.7) |
|
Other selected risks
|
|
Contaminated injections in health care setting |
407 (0.8) |
8,974 (0.6) |
4 (<0.1) |
76 (<0.1) |
412 (0.7) |
9,050 (0.6) |
|
Child sexual abuse |
65 (0.1) |
5,381 (0.4) |
6 (<0.1) |
699 (0.5) |
71 (0.1) |
6,079 (0.4) |
|
All selected risk factors together
|
22,014 (45.6) |
500,066 (36.1) |
3,473 (44.0) |
51,092 (34.3) |
25,488 (45.3) |
551,158 (35.9) |
Source:
Chapter 4
. Note that mortality and disease burden attributable to individual risk factors cannot be added due to multicausality. See
Chapter 4
for details.
a. (some footnote as
Table 1.1
)
b. Age-standardized using the WHO World Standard Population
|
|
