References
Abdallah, M. B., and S. Zehani. 2000. Registre des Cancers Nord-Tunisie 1994 . Tunis, Tunisia:Ministry of Public Health, Salah Azaiz Institute, and National Institute of Public Health.
Ahman, E., C. Dolea, and I. Shah. 2003. "Global Burden of Unsafe Abortion in the Year 2000." GBD 2000 Working Paper, World Health Organization, Geneva. http://www.who.int/evidence/bod .
, W. S. Alley , G. J. van Oortmarssen , B. A. Boatin , N. J. Nagelkerke , A. P. Plaisier , J. H. Remme , J. Lazdins , G. J. Borsboom , J. D. Habb . 2001. Macrofilaricides and Onchocerciasis Control, Mathematical Modeling of the Prospects for Elimination BMC Public Health 1 : 1 12 (PubMed)
American Psychiatric Association. 1994. Diagnostic and Statistical Manual on Mental Disorders, 4th ed. Washington, DC: American Psychiatric Press.
, S. Anand , K. Hanson . 1997. Disability-Adjusted Life Years: A Critical Review Journal of Health Economics 16 : 6 685 - 702 (PubMed)
——— 1998. DALYs: Efficiency Versus Equity World Development 26 : 2 307 - 10
Ayuso-Mateos, J. L. 2002a. "Global Burden of Bipolar Disorder in the Year 2000." GBD 2000 Working Paper, World Health Organization, Geneva. http://www.who.int/evidence/bod .
———. 2002b. "Global Burden of Obsessive Compulsive Disorders in the Year 2000." GBD 2000 Working Paper, World Health Organization, Geneva. http://www.who.int/evidence/bod .
———. 2002c. "Global Burden of Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder in the Year 2000: Version 1 Estimates." GBD 2000 Working Paper, World Health Organization, Geneva. http://www.who.int/evidence/bod .
———. 2002d. "Global Burden of Schizophrenia in the Year 2000: Version 1 Estimates." GBD 2000 Working Paper, World Health Organization, Geneva. http://www.who.int/evidence/bod .
, J. L Ayuso-Mateos , J. L. Vazquez-Barquero , C. Dowrick , V. Lehtinen , O. S. Dalgard , P. Casey , C. Wilkinson , L. Lasa , H. Page , G. Dunn , G. Wilkinson , the ODIN Group . 2001. Depressive Disorders in Europe: Prevalence Figures from the ODIN Study British Journal of Psychiatry 179 : 4 308 - 16 (PubMed)
, J. Bannister , K. Hill . 2004. Mortality in China, 1964-2000 Population Studies 58 : 1 55 - 75 (PubMed)
, J. Barendregt , G. J. van Oortmarssen , T. Vos , C. J. L. Murray . 2003. A Generic Model for the Assessment of Disease Epidemiology: The Computational Basis of DisMod II Population Health Metrics 1: 4 (PubMed)
Baskent University. 2005. Burden of Disease Final Report . Ankara: Turkish Ministry of Health and Baskent University, Refik Saydam Hygiene Presidency, School of Public Health.
Begg, S., N. Tomijima, T. Vos, and C. D. Mathers. 2002. "Global Burden of Injury in the Year 2000: An Overview of Methods." GBD 2000 Working Paper, World Health Organization, Geneva. http://www.who.int/evidence/bod .
Bern, C. 2004. "Diarrhoeal Diseases." In The Global Epidemiology of Infectious Diseases , ed. C. J. L. Murray, A. D. Lopez, and C. D. Mathers, 1-27. Vol. 4 of Global Burden of Disease and Injury Series . Geneva: World Health Organization. http://whqlibdoc.who.int/publications/2004/9241592303.pdf .
Boschi-Pinto, C., L. Tomaskovic, E. Gouws, and K Shibuya. Forthcoming. "Estimates of the Distribution of Child Deaths Due to Diarrhea in Developing Regions of the World."
Bradshaw, D., P. Groenewald, R. Laubscher, N. Nannan, B. Nojilana, R. Norman, D. Pieterse, M. Schneider, D. E. Bourne, I. M. Timaeus, R. Dorrington, and L. Johnson. 2003. Initial Burden of Disease Estimates for South Africa, 2000 . Cape Town: South African Medical Research Council.
, S. Brooker , M. Rowlands , L. Haller , L. Savioli , D. A. P. Bundy . 2000. Towards an Atlas of Human Helminth Infection in Sub-Saharan Africa: The Use of Geographical Information systems (GIS) Parasitology Today 16 : 7 303 - 7 (PubMed)
, S. Brooker , M. Beasley , M. Ndinaromtan , E. M. Madjiouroum , M. Baboguel , E. Djenguinabe , S. I. Hay , D. A. Bundy . 2002. Use of Remote Sensing and a Geographical Information System in a National Helminth Control Programme in Chad Bulletin of the World Health Organization 80 : 10 783 - 9 (PubMed)
Bundhamcharoen, K., Y. Teerawatananon, T. Vos, and S. Begg. 2002. Burden of Disease and Injuries in Thailand: Priority Setting for Policy . Bangkok: Ministry of Public Health.
Bundy, D. A. P., M. S. Chan, G. F. Medley, D. Jamison, and L. Savioli. 2004. "Intestinal Nematode Infections." In The Global Epidemiology of Infectious Diseases , ed. C. J. L. Murray, A. D. Lopez, and C. D. Mathers, 243-300. Vol. 4 of Global Burden of Disease and Injury Series . Geneva: World Health Organization. http://whqlibdoc.who.int/publications/2004/9241592303.pdf .
Center for Research on the Epidemiology of Disasters. 2001. "EM-DAT: The OFDA/CRED International Disaster Database." Brussels, Belgium: Universite Catholique de Louvain. http://www.em-dat.net .
, M. S. Chan . 1997. The Global Burden of Intestinal Nematode Infections: Fifty Years On Parasitology Today 13: 438 - 43 (PubMed)
, L. Chenet , M. McKee , D. Leon , V. Shkolnikov , S. Vassin . 1998. Alcohol and Cardiovascular Mortality in Moscow: New Evidence of a Causal Association Journal of Epidemiology and Community Health 52 : 12 772 - 4 (PubMed)
, S. Chinn , P. Burney , D. Jarvis , C. Luczynska . 1997. Variation in Bronchial Responsiveness in the European Community Respiratory Health Survey (ECRHS) European Respiratory Journal 10 : 11 2495 - 2501 (PubMed)
, R. S. Cooper , B. Osotimehin , J. S. Kaufman , T. Forrester . 1998. Disease Burden in Sub-Saharan Africa: What Should We Conclude in the Absence of Data? Lancet 351 : 9097 208 - 10 (PubMed)
, E. L Corbett , C. J. Watt , N. Walker , D. Maher , B. G. Williams , M. C. Raviglione , C. Dye . 2003. The Growing Burden of Tuberculosis: Global Trends and Interactions with the HIV Epidemic Archives of Internal Medicine 163: 1009 - 21 (PubMed)
, N. S. Crowcroft , C. Stein , P. Duclos , M. Birmingham . 2003. How Best to Estimate the Global Burden of Pertussis? Lancet Infectious Diseases 3 : 7 413 - 8 (PubMed)
Degenhardt, L., W. Hall, M. Warner-Smith, and M. Lynskey. 2003. "Illicit Drugs." In Comparative Quantification of Health Risks: Global and Regional Burden of Disease Attributable to Selected Major Risk Factors , ed. M. Ezzati, A. D. Lopez, A. Rodgers, and C. J. L. Murray, 1109-75. Geneva: World Health Organization.
, M. Dempsey . 1947. Decline in Tuberculosis: The Death Rate Fails to Tell the Entire Story American Review of Tuberculosis 56: 143 - 51
, M. de Onis , M. Blossner . 2003. The World Health Organization Global Database on Child Growth and Malnutrition: Methodology and Applications International Journal of Epidemiology 32 : 4 518 - 26 (PubMed)
, M. de Onis , E. A. Frongillo , M. Blossner . 2000. Is Malnutrition Declining? An Analysis of Changes in Levels of Child Malnutrition Since 1980 Bulletin of the World Health Organization 78 : 10 1222 - 33 (PubMed)
, M. de Onis , M. Blossner , E. Borghi , R. Morris , E. A. Frongillo . 2004. Methodology for Estimating Regional and Global Trends of Child Malnutrition International Journal of Epidemiology 33 : 6 1260 - 70 (PubMed)
, N. R. de Silva , S. Brooker , P. J. Hotez , A. Montresor , D. Engels , L. Savioli . 2003. Soil-Transmitted Helminth Infections: Updating the Global Picture Trends in Parasitology 19 : 12 547 - 51 (PubMed)
Dolea, C., and C. AbouZahr. 2003a. "Global Burden of Hypertensive Disorders in Pregnancy in the Year 2000." GBD 2000 Working Paper, World Health Organization, Geneva. http://www.who.int/evidence/bod .
———. 2003b. "Global Burden of Obstructed Labor in the Year 2000." GBD 2000 Working Paper, World Health Organization, Geneva. http://www.who.int/evidence/bod .
Dolea, C., and C. Stein. 2003. "Global Burden of Maternal Sepsis in the Year 2000." GBD 2000 Working Paper, World Health Organization, Geneva. http://www.who.int/evidence/bod .
Dolea, C., C. AbouZahr, and C. Stein. 2003. "Global Burden of Maternal Hemorrhage in the Year 2000." GBD 2000 Working Paper, World Health Organization, Geneva. http://www.who.int/evidence/bod .
, P. J. Dolin , H. Faal , G. J. Johnson , D. Minassian , S. Sowa , S. Day , J. Ajewale , A. A. Mohamed , A. Foster . 1997. Reduction of Trachoma in a Sub-Saharan Village in Absence of a Disease Control Programme Lancet 349 : 9064 1511 - 2 (PubMed)
Doumenge, J. P., K. E. Mott, C. Cheung, D. Villenave, O. Chapuis, M. F. Perrin, and G. Reaud-Thomas. 1987. CEGET/WHO Atlas de la Repartition Mondiale des Schistosomiases ( Atlas of the Global Distribution of Schistosomiasis ). Bordeaux, France: Presses Universitaires de Bordeaux.
, C. Dye , S. Scheele , P. Dolin , V. Pathania , M. C. Raviglione . 1999. Global Burden of Tuberculosis: Estimated Incidence, Prevalence, and Mortality by Country Journal of the American Medical Association 282 : 7 677 - 86 (PubMed)
European Monitoring Centre for Drugs and Drug Addiction. 2002. Annual Report on the State of the Drug Problem in the European Union and Norway . Lisbon: European Monitoring Centre for Drugs and Drug Addiction.
, M. Ezzati , A. D. Lopez , S. Vander Hoorn , A. Rodgers , C. J. L Murray , Comparative Risk Assessment Collaborative Group . 2002. Selected Major Risk Factors and Global and Regional Burden of Disease Lancet 360 : 9343 1347 - 60 (PubMed)
, M. Ezzati , S. Vander Hoorn , A. Rodgers , A. D. Lopez , C. D. Mathers , C. J. L. Murray , Comparative Risk Factors Collaborating Group . 2003. Estimates of Global and Regional Potential Health Gains from Reducing Multiple Major Risk Factors Lancet 362 : 9380 271 - 80 (PubMed)
Ferlay, J., F. Bray, P. Pisani, and D. M. Parkin. 2001."Globocan 2000: Cancer Incidence, Mortality, and Prevalence Worldwide." Version 1.0. International Agency for Research on Cancer CancerBase No. 5. Lyon, France: International Agency for Research on Cancer Press.
, L. J. Fewtrell , A. Pruss-Ustun , P. Landrigan , J. L Ayuso-Mateos . 2004. Estimating the Global Burden of Disease of Mild Mental Retardation and Cardiovascular Diseases from Environmental Lead Exposure Environmental Research 94 : 2 120 - 33 (PubMed)
Field, M. J., and G. M. Gold, eds. 1998. Summarizing Population Health: Directions for the Development and Application of Population Metrics . Washington, DC: National Academy Press.
, K. Frick , E. Basilion , C. Hanson , A. Colchero . 2003. Estimating the Burden and Economic Impact of Trachomatous Visual Loss Ophthalmic Epidemiology 10 : 2 121 - 32 (PubMed)
Gajalakshmi, V., R. Peto, S. Kanaka, and S. Balasubramian. 2002. "Verbal Autopsy of 48,000 Adult Deaths Attributable to Medical Causes in Chennai (formerly Madras)." BioMed Central 16, no. 2(1): 7.
Galazka, A. M., and S. E. Robertson. 2004. "Pertussis." In The Global Epidemiology of Infectious Diseases , ed. C. J. L. Murray, A. D. Lopez, and C. D. Mathers, 29-54. Vol. 4 of Global Burden of Disease and Injury Series . Geneva: World Health Organization. http://whqlibdoc.who.int/publications/2004/9241592303.pdf .
, N. S. Gavrilova , V. G. Semyonova , G. N. Evdokushkina , L. A. Gavrilov . 2000. The Response of Violent Mortality to Economic Crisis in Russia Population Research and Policy Review 19 : 5 397 - 419
, A. C. Gerbase , J. T. Rowley , D. H. L. Heymann , S. F. B. Berkley , P. Piot . 1998. Global Prevalence and Incidence Estimates of Selected Curable STDs Sexually Transmitted Diseases 74: Suppl 1 S12 - S16
, Ghana Health Assessment Project Team . 1981. A Quantitative Method of Assessing the Health Impact of Different Diseases in Less Developed Countries International Journal of Epidemiology 10 : 1 72 - 80
, N. P. Gleditsch , P. Wallensteen , M. Eriksson , M. Sollenberg , H. Strand . 2002. Armed Conflict 1946-2001: A New Dataset Journal of Peace Research 39 : 5 615 - 37
, Global Burden of Hepatitis C Working Group . 2004. Global Burden of Disease (GBD) for Hepatitis C Journal of Clinical Pharmacology 44 : 1 20 - 9 (PubMed)
Handicap International. 2001. Landmine Victim Assistance: World Report 2001 . Lyon, France: Handicap International.
, K. Hill , C. AbouZahr , T. Wardlaw . 2001. Estimates of Maternal Mortality for 1995 Bulletin of the World Health Organization 79 : 3 182 - 93 (PubMed)
, R. Horton . 2005. The Ellison Institute: Monitoring Health, Challenging WHO Lancet 366 : 9481 179 - 81 (PubMed)
Human Rights Watch. 2001. Landmine Monitor Report: 2001—Toward a Mine-Free World. New York: Human Rights Watch.
, A. A. Hyder , G. Rotllanat , R. H. Morrow . 1998. Measuring the Burden of Disease: Healthy Life-Years American Journal of Public Health 88 : 2 196 - 202 (PubMed)
, ISAAC Steering Committee . 1998a. Worldwide Variation in the Prevalence of Symptoms of Asthma, Allergic Rhinoconjunctivitis, and Atopic Eczema: The International Study of Asthma and Allergies in Childhood (ISAAC) Lancet 351 : 9111 1225 - 32 (PubMed)
——— 1998b. Worldwide Variations in the Prevalence of Asthma Symptoms: The International Study of Asthma and Allergies in Childhood (ISAAC) European Respiratory Journal 12 : 2 315 - 35 (PubMed)
Jamison, D. T. 1996. "Foreword to the Global Burden of Disease and Injury Series ." In The Global Burden of Disease: A Comprehensive Assessment of Mortality and Disability from Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors in 1990 and Projected to 2020 , ed. C. J. L. Murray and A. D. Lopez, xvi-xxiii. Vol. 1 of Global Burden of Disease and Injury . Cambridge, MA: Harvard School of Public Health.
Jamison, D. T., W. H. Mosley, A. R. Measham, and J. L. Bobadilla. 1993. Disease Control Priorities in Developing Countries . New York: Oxford University Press.
Jamison, D. T., J.G. Breman, A. R. Measham, G. Alleyne, M. Claeson, D. B. Evans, P. Jha, and P. Mills and P. Mubgrove. 2006. Disease Control Priorities in Developing Countries, 2nd ed. New York: Oxford University Press.
, M. Karvonen , M. Viik-Kajander , E. Moltchanova , I. Libman , R. LaPorte , J. Tuomilehto . 2000. Incidence of Childhood Type 1 Diabetes Worldwide. Diabetes Mondiale (DiaMond) Project Group Diabetes Care 23 : 10 1516 - 26 (PubMed)
, J. Katz , G. King . 1999. A Statistical Model for Multiparty Electoral Data American Political Science Review 93 : 1 15 - 32
, J. Kauhanen , G. A. Kaplan , D. E. Goldberg , J. T. Salonen . 1997. Beer Binging and Mortality: Results from the Kuopio Ischaemic Heart Disease Risk Factor Study, A Prospective Population-Based Study British Medical Journal 315 : 7112 846 - 51 (PubMed)
Korenromp, E. L. 2005. "Malaria Incidence Estimates at Country Level for the Year 2004." Proposed estimates and draft report, World Health Organization, Roll Back Malaria Monitoring and Evaluation Reference Group and Malaria Epidemiology Reference Group Task Force on Malaria Morbidity, Geneva.
, E. Korenromp , B. G. Williams , E. Gouws , C. Dye , R. W. Snow . 2003. Measurement of Trends in Childhood Malaria Mortality in Africa: An Assessment of Progress Toward Targets Based on Verbal Autopsy Lancet Infectious Diseases 3 : 6 349 - 58 (PubMed)
, M. Kruijshaar , N. Hoeymans , J. Skijker , M. E. A. Stouthard , M. Essink-Bot . 2005. Has the Burden of Depression Been Overestimated? Bulletin of the World Health Organization 83 : 8 443 - 8 (PubMed)
, D. Lavanchy . 2004. Hepatitis B Virus Epidemiology, Disease Burden, Treatment, and Current and Emerging Prevention and Control Measures Journal of Viral Hepatitis 11 : 2 97 - 107 (PubMed)
, J. E. Lawn , S. Cousens , J. Zupan . 2005. Four Million Neonatal Deaths: When? Where? Why? Lancet 365 : 9462 891 - 900 (PubMed)
LeDuc, J. W., K. Esteves, and N. G. Gratz. 2004. "Dengue and Dengue Haemorrhagic Fever." In The Global Epidemiology of Infectious Diseases , ed. C. J. L. Murray, A. D. Lopez, and C. D. Mathers, 219-42. Vol. 4 of Global Burden of Disease and Injury Series . Geneva: World Health Organization. http://whqlibdoc.who.int/publications/2004/9241592303.pdf .
Leonardi, M., and C. D. Mathers. 2003. "Global Burden of Migraine in the Year 2000: Summary of Methods and Data Sources." GBD 2000 Working Paper, World Health Organization, Geneva. http://www.who.int/evidence/bod .
Lopez, A. D., K. Shibuya, C. Rao, and C. D. Mathers. Forthcoming. "Estimating the Burden of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease: Methods and Results from the Global Burden of Disease Study." European Respiratory Journal.
Lopez, A. D., O. Ahmad, M. Guillot, B. Ferguson, J. Salomon, C. J. L. Murray, and K. H. Hill. 2002. World Mortality in 2000: Life Tables for 191 Countries. Geneva: World Health Organization.
, R. Lozano , C. J. L. Murray , J. Frenk , J. Bobadilla . 1995. Burden of Disease Assessment and Health System Reform: Results of a Study in Mexico Journal of International Development 7 : 3 555 - 64
Lozano, R., C. J. L. Murray, A. D. Lopez, and T. Satoh. 2001. "Miscoding and Misclassification of Ischaemic Heart Disease Mortality." Global Program on Evidence for Health Policy Discussion Paper 12, World Health Organization, Geneva. http://www.who.int/evidence .
Mahapatra, P. 2002. Estimating National Burden of Disease: The Burden of Disease in Andhra Pradesh, 1990's . Hyderabad, India: Institute of Health Systems.
, P. N. Mari Bhat . 2002. Completeness of India's Sample Registration System: An Assessment Using the General Growth Balance Method Population Studies 56 : 2 119 - 34 (PubMed)
Marshall, M. G., and T. R. Gurr. 2003. Peace and Conflict 2003: A Global Survey of Armed Conflicts, Self-Determination Movements, and Democracy. College Park, MD: Center for International Development and Conflict Management.
Mathers, C. D., and J. L. Ayuso-Mateos. 2003. "Global Burden of Alcohol Use Disorders in the Year 2000: Summary of Methods and Data Sources." GBD 2000 Working Paper, World Health Organization, Geneva. http://www.who.int/evidence/bod .
Mathers, C. D., and A. de Francisco. 2004. "The Global Burden of Disease." In Monitoring Financial Flows for Health Research, vol. 2, ed. Global Forum for Health Research, 55-67. Geneva: Global Forum for Health Research.
Mathers, C. D., and M. Leonardi. 2003. "Global Burden of Dementia in the Year 2000: Summary of Methods and Data Sources." GBD 2000 Working Paper, World Health Organization, Geneva. http://www.who.int/evidence/bod .
Mathers, C. D., C. J. L. Murray, and J. A. Salomon. 2003. "Methods for Measuring Healthy Life Expectancy." In Health Systems Performance Assessment: Debates, Methods, and Empiricism , ed. C. J. L. Murray and D. Evans, 437-70. Geneva: World Health Organization.
Mathers, C. D., A. Smith, and M. Concha. 2003."Global Burden of Hearing Loss in the Year 2000." GBD 2000 Working Paper, World Health Organization, Geneva. http://www.who.int/evidence/bod .
Mathers, C. D., T. Vos, and C. Stevenson. 1999. The Burden of Disease and Injury in Australia . Canberra:Australian Institute of Health and Welfare.
Mathers, C. D., J. A. Salomon, C. J. L. Murray, and A. D. Lopez. 2003. "Alternative Summary Measures of Average Population Health." In Health Systems Performance Assessment: Debates, Methods, and Empiricism , ed. C. J. L. Murray and D. Evans, 319-34. Geneva: World Health Organization.
Mathers, C. D., T. Truelsen, S. Begg, and T. Satoh. 2004. "Global Burden of Ischaemic Heart Disease in the Year 2000." GBD 2000 Working Paper, World Health Organization, Geneva. http://www.who.int/evidence/bod .
Mathers, C. D., M. Ezzati, A. D. Lopez, C. J. L Murray, and A. Rogers. 2002. "Causal Decomposition of Summary Measures of Population Health." In Summary Measures of Population Health: Concepts, Ethics, Measurement, and Applications , ed. C. J. L. Murray, J. A. Salomon, C. D. Mathers, and A. D. Lopez, 273-90. Geneva: World Health Organization. http://www.who.int/pub/smph/en/index.html .
, C. D. Mathers , D. Ma Fat , M. Inoue , C. Rao , A. D. Lopez . 2005. Counting the Dead and What They Died from: An Assessment of the Global Status of Cause of Death Data Bulletin of the World Health Organization 83 : 3 171 - 7 (PubMed)
Mathers, C. D., C. J. L. Murray, A. D. Lopez, J. A. Salomon, and R. Sadana. 2003. "Global Patterns of Health Expectancy in the Year 2000." In Determining Health Expectancies , ed. J. M. Robine, C. Jagger, C. D. Mathers, E. M. Crimmins, and R. M. Suzman, 335-58. Chichester, U.K.: John Wiley & Sons.
, C. D. Mathers , K. Shibuya , C. Boschi-Pinto , A. D. Lopez , C. J. Murray . 2002. Global and Regional Estimates of Cancer Mortality and Incidence by Site: I. Application of Regional Cancer Survival Model to Estimate Cancer Mortality Distribution by Site BMC Cancer 2 : 1 36 (PubMed)
Mathers, C. D., A. D. Lopez, C. Stein, D. Ma Fat, C. Rao, M. Inoue, K. Shibuya, N. Tomijima, C. Bernard and H. Xu. 2004. "Deaths and Disease Burden by Cause: Global Burden of Disease Estimates for 2001 by World Bank Country Groups." Working Papers Series 18, Second Project on Disease Control Priorities in Developing Countries, World Health Organization; World Bank; and Fogarty International Center, U.S. National Institutes of Health, Washington, DC.
McDowell, I., and C. Newell. 1996. Measuring Health. A Guide to Rating Scales and Questionnaires, 2nd ed. Oxford, U.K.: Oxford University Press.
, M. T. McKenna , C. M. Michaud , C. J. L. Murray , J. S. Marks . 2005. Assessing the Burden of Disease in the United States Using Disability-Adjusted Life Years American Journal of Preventive Medicine 28 : 5 415 - 23 (PubMed)
, T. Men , P. Brennan , P. Boffetta , D. Zaridze . 2003. Russian Mortality Trends for 1991-2001: Analysis by Cause and Region British Medical Journal 327 : 7421 964 (PubMed)
Ministry of Public Health. 2002. Burden of Disease and Injuries in Thailand: Priority Setting for Policy. Bangkok: Government of Thailand.
, A. Moncayo . 2003. Chagas' Disease: Current Epidemiological Trends after the Interruption of Vectorial and Transfusional Transmission in the Southern Cone Countries Memorias do Instituto Oswaldo Cruz 98 : 5 577 - 91
Moncayo, A., F. Guhl, and C. Stein. 2002. "The Global Burden of Chagas' Disease in the Year 2000." GBD 2000 Working Paper, World Health Organization, Geneva. http://www.who.int/evidence/bod .
Murray, C. J. L. 1996."Rethinking DALYs." In The Global Burden of Disease , ed. C. J. L. Murray and A. D. Lopez, 1-98. Vol. 1 of Global Burden of Disease and Injury Series . Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.
, C. J. L. Murray , A. K. Acharya . 1997. Understanding DALYs Journal of Health Economics 16 : 6 703 - 30 (PubMed)
Murray, C. J. L., and A. D. Lopez. 1996a. "Estimating Causes of Death: New Methods and Global and Regional Applications for 1990." In The Global Burden of Disease , ed. C. J. L. Murray and A. D. Lopez, 117-200. Vol. 1 of Global Burden of Disease and Injury Series . Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.
——— 1996b. Evidence-Based Health Policy: Lessons from the Global Burden of Disease Study Science 274 : 5288 740 - 3 (PubMed)
———, eds. 1996c. The Global Burden of Disease: A Comprehensive Assessment of Mortality and Disability from Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors in 1990 and Projected to 2020 . Vol. 1 of Global Burden of Disease and Injury Series . Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.
———. 1996d. Global Health Statistics . Vol. 2 of Global Burden of Disease and Injury Series . Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.
——— 1997a. Global Mortality, Disability, and the Contribution of Risk Factors: Global Burden of Disease Study Lancet 349 : 9063 1436 - 42 (PubMed)
——— 1997b. Mortality by Cause for Eight Regions of the World: Global Burden of Disease Study Lancet 349 : 9061 1269 - 76 (PubMed)
———, eds. 1998. Health Dimensions of Sex and Reproduction . Vol. 3 of Global Burden of Disease and Injury Series . Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.
——— 2000. Progress and Directions in Refining the Global Burden of Disease Approach: A Response to Williams Health Economics 9 : 1 69 - 82 (PubMed)
, C. J. L. Murray , A. D. Lopez , D. T. Jamison . 1994. The Global Burden of Disease in 1990: Summary Results, Sensitivity Analysis, and Future Directions Bulletin of the World Health Organization 72 : 3 495 - 509 (PubMed)
, C. J. Murray , A. D. Lopez , S. Wibulpolprasert . 2004. Monitoring Global Health: Time for New Solutions British Medical Journal 329 : 7333 1096 - 100 (PubMed)
Murray, C. J. L, C. D. Mathers, and J. A. Salomon. 2003. "Towards Evidence-based Public Health." In Health Systems Performance Assessment: Debates, Methods, and Empiricism , ed. C. J. L. Murray and D. Evans, 715-26. Geneva: World Health Organization.
, C. J. L. Murray , J. A. Salomon , C. D. Mathers . 2000. A Critical Examination of Summary Measures of Population Health Bulletin of the World Health Organization 78 : 8 981 - 94 (PubMed)
Murray, C. J. L, J. A. Salomon, C. D. Mathers, and A. D. Lopez, eds. 2002a. Summary Measures of Population Health: Concepts, Ethics, Measurement, and Applications . Geneva: World Health Organization.
———. 2002b. "Summary Measures of Population Health: Conclusions and Recommendations." In Summary Measures of Population Health: Concepts, Ethics, Measurement, and Applications , ed. C. J. L. Murray, J. A. Salomon, C. D. Mathers, and A. D. Lopez, 731-56. Geneva: World Health Organization.
Murray, C. J. L., A. Tandon, J. A. Salomon, and C. D. Mathers. 2002. "New Approaches to Enhance Cross-Population Comparability of Survey Results." In Summary Measures of Population Health: Concepts, Ethics, Measurement, and Applications , ed. C. J. L. Murray, J. A. Salomon, C. D. Mathers, and A. D. Lopez, 421-31. Geneva: World Health Organization.
, C. J. Murray , G. King , A. D. Lopez , N. Tomijima , E. G. Krug . 2002. Armed Conflict as a Public Health Problem British Medical Journal 324 : 7333 346 - 9 (PubMed)
, C. J. L. Murray , B. D. Ferguson , A. D. Lopez , M. Guillot , J. A. Salomon , O. Ahmad . 2003. Modified Logit Life Table System: Principles, Empirical Validation, and Application Population Studies 57 : 2 1 - 18
, N. Pearce , J. Sunyer , S. Cheng , S. Chinn , B. Bjorksten , M. Burr , U. Keil , H. R. Anderson , P. Burney . 2000. Comparison of Asthma Prevalence in the ISAAC and the ECRHS. ISAAC Steering Committee and the European Community Respiratory Health Survey. International Study of Asthma and Allergies in Childhood European Respiratory Journal 16 : 3 420 - 6 (PubMed)
, R. Peto , A. D. Lopez , J. Boreham , M. Thun , C. Heath . 1992. Mortality from Tobacco in Developed Countries: Indirect Estimation from National Vital Statistics Lancet 339 : 8804 1268 - 78 (PubMed)
Preston, S. H. 1976. Mortality Patterns in National Populations. New York: Academic Press.
Project Ploughshares. 2001. Armed Conflicts Report 2001. Waterloo, Canada: Project Ploughshares.
———. 2002. Armed Conflicts Report 2002. Waterloo, Canada: Project Ploughshares.
Pruss-Ustun, A., L. J. Fewtrell, P. Landrigan, and J. L Ayuso-Mateos. 2004. "Lead Exposure." In Comparative Quantification of Health Risks: Global and Regional Burden of Disease Attributable to Selected Major Risk Factors , ed. M. Ezzati, A. D. Lopez, A. Rodgers, and C. J. L Murray, 1495-592. Geneva: World Health Organization.
, M. K. Ranson , T. G. Evans . 1995. The Global Burden of Trachomatous Visual Impairment: I. Assessing Prevalence International Ophthalmology 19 : 5 261 - 70 (PubMed)
, C. Rao , D. Bradshaw , C. D. Mathers . 2004. Improving Death Registration and Statistics in Developing Countries: Lessons from Sub-Saharan Africa Southern African Journal of Demography 9 : 2 79 - 97
Rastogi, T., and C. D. Mathers. 2002a. "Global Burden of Iodine Deficiency Disorders in the Year 2000." GBD 2000 Working Paper, World Health Organization, Geneva. http://www.who.int/evidence/bod .
———. 2002b. "Global Burden of Iron Deficiency Anaemia in the Year 2000." GBD 2000 Working Paper, World Health Organization, Geneva. http://www.who.int/evidence/bod .
———. 2002c. "Global Burden of Vitamin A Deficiency in the Year 2000." GBD 2000 Working Paper, World Health Organization, Geneva. http://www.who.int/evidence/bod .
Rehm, J., R. Room, M. Monteiro, G. Gmel, K. Graham, N. Rehn, C. Sempos, U. Frick, and D. Jernigan. 2004. "Alcohol Use." In Comparative Quantification of Health Risks: Global and Regional Burden of Disease Attributable to Selected Major Risk Factors , ed. M. Ezzati, A. D. Lopez, A. Rodgers, and C. J. L Murray, 959-1108. Geneva: World Health Organization.
, S. Resnikoff , D. Pascolini , D. Etya'ale , I. Kocur , R. Pararajasegaram , G. P. Pokharel , S. P. Mariotti . 2004. Global Data onVisual Impairment in theYear 2002 Bulletin of theWorld Health Organization 82 : 11 844 - 51
, F. O. Richards , B. Boatin , M. Sauerbrey , A. Seketeli . 2001. Control of Onchocerciasis Today: Status and Challenges Trends in Parasitology 17 : 12 558 - 63 (PubMed)
Ries, L. A. G., M. P. Eisner, C. L. Kosary, B. F. Hankey, B. A. Biller, L. Clegg, B. K. Edwards, eds. 2002. SEER Cancer Statistics Review, 1973-1999 . Bethesda, MD: National Cancer Institute.
Robine, J. M., C. Jagger, C. D. Mathers, E. M. Crimmins, and R. M. Suzman. 2003. Determining Health Expectancies . Chichester, U.K.: John Wiley & Sons.
, G. Roglic , N. Unwin , P. H. Bennett , C. D. Mathers , J. Tuomilheto , H. King . 2005. The Realistic Burden of Mortality Attributable to Diabetes: Estimates for the Year 2000 Diabetes Care 28 : 9 2130 - 5 (PubMed)
Rowe, A. K., R. W. Steketee, S. Y. Rowe, R. W. Snow, E. Korenromp, J. A. Schellenberg, C. Stein, B. Nahler, J. Bryce, and R. Black. 2004. "Estimates of the Burden of Mortality Directly Attributable to Malaria for Children under Five Years of Age in Africa for the Year 2000." Final report for the Child Health Epidemiology Reference Group. http://www.who.int/child-adolescent-health/New_Publications/CHILD_HEALTH/EPI/CHERG_Malaria_Mortality.pdf .
, I. Rudan , L. Tomaskovic , C. Boschi-Pinto , H. Campbell . 2004. Global Estimate of the Incidence of Clinical Pneumonia among Children under Five Years of Age Bulletin of the World Health Organization 82 : 12 895 - 903 (PubMed)
Sadana, R. 2002. "Development of Standardized Health State Descriptions." In Summary Measures of Population Health: Concepts, Ethics, Measurement, and Applications , ed. C. J. L. Murray, J. A. Salomon, C. D. Mathers, and A. D. Lopez, 315-28. Geneva: World Health Organization.
Sadana, R., C. D. Mathers, A. D. Lopez, C. J. L Murray, and K. Moesgaard-Iburg. 2002. "Comparative Analyses of More Than 50 Household Surveys on Health Status." In Summary Measures of Population Health: Concepts, Ethics, Measurement, and Applications , ed. C. J. L. Murray, J. A. Salomon, C. D. Mathers, and A. D. Lopez, 369-86. Geneva: World Health Organization.
Salomon, J. A., and C. J. L. Murray. 2001a. "Compositional Models for Mortality by Age, Sex, and Cause." Global Program on Evidence for Health Policy Discussion Paper 11, World Health Organization, Geneva. http://www.who.int/evidence .
——— 2001b. Modelling HIV/AIDS Epidemics in Sub-Saharan Africa Using Seroprevalence Data from Antenatal Clinics Bulletin of the World Health Organization 79 : 7 596 - 607 (PubMed)
——— 2002a. The Epidemiologic Transition Revisited: Compositional Models for Causes of Death by Age and Sex Population and Development Review 28 : 2 205 - 28
———. 2002b. "Estimating Health State Valuations Using a Multiple-Method Protocol." In Summary Measures of Population Health: Concepts, Ethics, Measurement, and Applications , ed. C. J. L. Murray, J. A. Salomon, C. D. Mathers, and A. D. Lopez, 487-99. Geneva: World Health Organization.
——— 2004. A Multimethod Approach to Estimating Health State Valuations Health Economics 13 : 3 281 - 90 (PubMed)
Salomon, J. A., C. J. L. Murray, T. B. Ustun, and S. Chatterji. 2003. "Health State Valuations in Summary Measures of Population Health." In Health Systems Performance Assessment: Debate, Methods, and Empiricism , ed. C. J. L. Murray and D. Evans, 409-36. Geneva: World Health Organization.
Salomon, J. A., C. D. Mathers, S. Chatterji, R. Sadana, T. B. Ustun, and C. J. L. Murray. 2003. "Quantifying Individual Levels of Health: Definitions, Concepts, and Measurement Issues." In Health Systems Performance Assessment: Debate, Methods, and Empiricism , ed. C. J. L. Murray, and D. Evans, 301-18. Geneva: World Health Organization.
, B. Schwartlander , K.A. Stanecki , T. Brown , P. O. Way , R. Monasch , J. Chin , D. Tarantola , N. Walker . 1999. Country-Specific Estimates and Models of HIV and AIDS: Methods and Limitations AIDS 13 : 17 2445 - 58 (PubMed)
, V. G. Semenova , N. S. Gavrilova , Y. A. Varavikova , L. A. Gavrilov , G. N. Yevdokushkina . 2000. Rise in Violent Death Rates in Russia as a Consequence of the Economic Crisis Diseases Prevention and Health Promotion 4: 3 - 10
, P. W. Setel , O. Sankoh , C. Rao , V. A. Velkoff , C. D. Mathers , Y. Gonghuan , I. Hemed , P. Jha , A. D. Lopez . 2005. Sample Registration of Vital Events with Verbal Autopsy: A Renewed Commitment to Measuring and Monitoring Vital Statistics Bulletin of the World Health Organization 83 : 8 611 - 17 (PubMed)
Shibuya, K., and M. Ezzati. 2003. "Global Burden of Onchocerciasis in the Year 2000: Summary of Methods and Data Sources." GBD 2000 Working Paper, World Health Organization, Geneva. http://www.who.int/evidence/bod .
Shibuya, K., and C. D. Mathers. 2003. "Global Burden of Trachoma in the Year 2000: Summary of Methods and Data Sources." GBD 2000 Working Paper, World Health Organization, Geneva. http://www.who.int/evidence/bod .
, K. Shibuya , C. D. Mathers , C. Boschi-Pinto , A. D. Lopez , C. J. L. Murray . 2002. Global and Regional Estimates of Cancer Mortality and Incidence by Site: II. Results for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2000 BMC Cancer 2: 37 (PubMed)
, V. Shkolnikov , M. McKee , D. A. Leon . 2001. Changes in Life Expectancy in Russia in the Mid-1990s Lancet 357 : 9260 917 - 21 (PubMed)
Single, E., L. Robson, X. Xie, and J. Rehm. 2002. The Costs of Substance Abuse in Canada. Ottawa: Canadian Centre on Substance Abuse.
, R. W. Snow , M. Craig , U. Deichmann , K. Marsh . 1999. Estimating Mortality, Morbidity, and Disability Due to Malaria among Africa's Non-pregnant Population Bulletin of the World Health Organization 77 : 8 624 - 40 (PubMed)
Stein, C. 2002a. "Global Burden of Leprosy in the Year 2000." GBD 2000 Working Paper, World Health Organization, Geneva. http://www.who.int/evidence/bod .
———. 2002b. "Global Burden of Poliomyelitis in the Year 2000." GBD 2000 Working Paper, World Health Organization, Geneva. http://www.who.int/evidence/bod .
———. 2002c."Global Burden of Protein-Energy Malnutrition in the Year 2000." GBD 2000 Working Paper, World Health Organization, Geneva. http://www.who.int/evidence/bod .
Stein, C., and M. Robertson. 2002. "Global Burden of Diphtheria in the Year 2000." GBD 2000 Working Paper, World Health Organization, Geneva. http://www.who.int/evidence/bod .
Stouthard, M., M. Essink-Bot, G. Bonsel, J. Barendregt, and P. Kramers. 1997. Disability Weights for Diseases in the Netherlands . Rotterdam, Netherlands: Erasmus University, Department of Public Health.
, J. Stover , N. Walker , G. P. Garnett , J. A. Salomon , K. A. Stanecki , P. D. Ghys , N. C. Grassly , R. M. Anderson , B. Schwartlander . 2002. Can We Reverse the HIV/AIDS Pandemic with an Expanded Response? Lancet 360 : 9326 73 - 77 (PubMed)
Symmons, D. P., C. D. Mathers, and B. Pfleger. 2002a. "The Global Burden of Osteoarthritis in the Year 2000." GBD 2000 Working Paper, World Health Organization, Geneva. http://www.who.int/evidence/bod .
———. 2002b. "The Global Burden of Rheumatoid Arthritis in the Year 2000." GBD 2000 Working Paper, World Health Organization, Geneva. http://www.who.int/evidence/bod .
Tan-Torres Edejer, T. R. Baltussen, T. Adam, R. Hutubessy, A Acharya, D. B. Evans, and C. J. L. Murray. 2003. WHO Guide to Cost-Effectiveness Analysis . Geneva: World Health Organization.
, B. Thylefors , A. D. Negrel , R. Pararajasegaram , K. Y. Dadzie . 1995. Global Data on Blindness Bulletin of the World Health Organization 73 : 1 115 - 21 (PubMed)
Truelsen, T., S. Begg, C. D. Mathers, and T. Satoh. 2002. "Global Burden of Cerebrovascular Disease in the Year 2000." GBD 2000 Working Paper, World Health Organization, Geneva. http://www.who.int/evidence/bod .
, UNAIDS (Joint United Nations Programme on HIV/AIDS) Reference Group on Estimates Model Projections) . 2002. Improved Methods and Assumptions for Estimation and Projection of HIV/AIDS Epidemics AIDS 16: 1 - 16 (PubMed)
UNICEF (United Nations Children's Fund) and WHO (World Health Organization). 2005. Low Birthweight: Country, Regional, and Global Estimates. New York: UNICEF.
United Nations Population Division. 2003. World Population Prospects: The 2002 Revision. New York: United Nations.
, T. B. Ustun , D. Chisholm . 2001. Global Burden of Disease Study for Psychiatric Disorders Psychiatrisch Prax 28: Suppl 1 S7 - S11
, T. B. Ustun , J. L. Ayuso-Mateos , S. Chatterji , C. D. Mathers , C. J. L. Murray . 2005. Global Burden of Depressive Disorders in the Year 2000 British Journal of Psychiatry 184: 386 - 92
Ustun, T. B., S. Chatterji, A. Mechbal, C. J. L. Murray, and World Health Survey Collaborating Groups. 2003. "The World Health Surveys." In Health Systems Performance Assessment: Debates, Methods, and Empiricism, ed. C. J. L. Murray and D. Evans, 797-808. Geneva: World Health Organization.
Ustun, T. B., S. Chatterji, M. Villanueva, L. Bendib, C. Celik, R. Sadana, N. Valentine, C. Mathers, J. P. Ortiz, A. Tandon, J. Salomon, Y. Cao, X. W. Jun, and C. J. L. Murray. 2003. "The WHO Multicountry Household Survey Study on Health and Responsiveness 2000-2001." In Health Systems Performance Assessment: Debates, Methods, and Empiricism , ed. C. J. L. Murray and D. Evans, 761-96. Geneva: World Health Organization.
van der Werf, M. J., and S. J. de Vlas. 2001. Morbidity and Infection with Schistosomes or Soil-Transmitted Helminths . Report prepared for the World Health Organization Parasitic Diseases and Vector Control. Rotterdam, Netherlands: Erasmus University.
Vos, T., M. Tobias, H. Gareeboo, F. Roussety, S. Huttley, and C. J. L. Murray. 1995. Mauritius Health Sector Reform, National Burden of Disease Study , Final Report of Consultancy . Port Louis, Mauritius: Ministry of Health and Ministry of Economic Planning and Development.
, N. Walker , K.A. Stanecki , T. Brown , J. Stover , S. Lazzari , J. M. Garcia-Calleja , B. Schwartlander , P. D. Ghys . 2003. Methods and Procedures for Estimating HIV/AIDS and Its Impact: The UNAIDS/WHO Estimates for the End of 2001 AIDS 17 : 15 2215 - 25 (PubMed)
, J. E. Ware , C. D. Sherbourne . 1992. The MOS 36-Item Short Form Health Survey (SF-36): I. Conceptual Framework and Item Selection Medical Care 30 : 6 473 - 83 (PubMed)
Warren, S., and K. G. Warren. 2001. Multiple Sclerosis . Geneva: World Health Organization.
WHO (World Health Organization). 1977. Manual of the International Statistical Classification of Diseases, Injuries, and Causes of Death, 9th rev, vol. 1. Geneva: WHO.
———. 1992. International Classification of Diseases and Related Health Problems, 10th rev. Geneva: WHO.
———. 1995. "Onchocerciasis and Its Control: Report of a WHO Expert Committee on Onchocerciasis Control." WHO Technical Report Series 852, World Health Organization, Geneva.
———. 1996. Investing in Health Research and Development. Report of the Ad Hoc Committee on Health Research Relating to Future Intervention Options . Geneva: WHO.
———. 2000. World Health Report 2000. Health Systems: Improving Performance . Geneva: WHO.
———. 2001a. Assessment of Iodine Deficiency Disorders and Monitoring their Elimination . Document WHO/NHD/01.1. Geneva: WHO.
——— 2001b. Epidemics of Meningococcal Disease, African Meningitis Belt, 2001 Weekly Epidemiological Record 76 : 37 281 - 8
———. 2001c. Global Prevalence and Incidence of Selected Curable Sexually Transmitted Infections: Overview and Estimates . WHO/CDS/CSR/EDC/2001.10. Geneva: WHO.
———. 2001d. World Health Report 2001: Mental Health—New Understanding, New Hope. Geneva: WHO.
——— 2002a. Global Distribution of Hepatitis A, B, and C, 2001 Weekly Epidemiological Record 77 : 6 41 - 8
———. 2002b. Hepatitis B . WHO/CDS/CSR/LYO/2002.2:Hepatitis B. Geneva: WHO, Department of Communicable Diseases Surveillance and Response.
——— 2002c. Leprosy: Global Situation Weekly Epidemiological Record 77 : 1 1 - 8 (PubMed)
———. 2002d. World Health Report 2002. Reducing Risks, Promoting Healthy Life. Geneva: WHO.
———. 2003a. Global Tuberculosis Control: Surveillance, Planning, and Financing . Geneva: WHO.
———. 2003b. World Health Report 2003: Shaping the Future. Geneva: WHO.
———. 2004a. Unsafe Abortion . Geneva: WHO.
———. 2004b. World Health Report 2004: Changing History. Geneva: WHO.
WHO Nutrition Program. 2002a. "Database on Anaemia." Geneva: WHO. http://www.who.int/nut/db_mdis.htm .
———. 2002b. "Database on Vitamin A Deficiency." Geneva: WHO. http://www.who.int/nut/db_mdis.htm .
———. 2005. "Database on Iodine Deficiency Disorders." Geneva: WHO. http://www3.who.int/whosis/micronutrient/ .
WHO, UNICEF, and UNFPA (World Health Organization, United Nations Children's Fund, and United Nations Population Fund). 2003. Maternal Mortality in 2000: Estimates Developed by WHO, UNICEF and UNFPA. Geneva: WHO.
, S. Wild , G. Roglic , A. Green , R. Sicree , H. King . 2004. Global Prevalence of Diabetes: Estimates for the Year 2000 and Projections for 2030 Diabetes Care 27 : 5 1047 - 53 (PubMed)
, A. Williams . 1997. Intergenerational Equity: An Exploration of the `Fair Innings' Argument Health Economics 6 : 2 117 - 32 (PubMed)
———. 1999. Calculating the Global Burden of Disease: Time for a Strategic Reappraisal Health Economics 8: 1 1 - 8 (PubMed)
, B. G. Williams , E. Gouws , C. Boschi-Pinto , J. Bryce , C. Dye . 2002. Estimates of World-wide Distribution of Child Deaths from Acute Respiratory Infections Lancet 2 : 1 25 - 32
, M. C. Wolfson . 1999. Measuring Health: Visions and Practicalities Statistical Journal of the United Nations Economic Commission for Europe 16 : 1 1 - 17
World Bank. 1993. World Development Report 1993. Investing in Health . New York: Oxford University Press.
———. 2003. World Development Report 2003: Sustainable Development in a Dynamic World: Transforming Institutions, Growth, and Quality of Life . New York: Oxford University Press.
, G. H. Yang , J. Hu , K. Q. Rao , J. Ma , C. Rao , A. D. Lopez . 2005. Mortality Registration and Surveillance in China: History, Current Situation, and Challenges Population Health Metrics 3: 3 (PubMed)
, W. Zatonski . 1998. Alcohol and Health: What Is Good for the French May Not Be for the Russians Journal of Epidemiology and Community Health 52 : 12 766 - 7 (PubMed)
, R. Zeckhauser , D. Shepard . 1976. Where Now for Saving Lives? Law and Contemporary Problems 40 : 4 5 - 45
