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Home  >  Publications  >  Global Burden of Disease and Risk Factors  > 

3. The Burden of Disease and Mortality by Condition: Data, Methods, and Results for 2001

Table 3A.3: Data Sources and Methods for Estimation of Mortality by Cause, Age, and Sex

Data Sources and Methods for Estimation of Mortality by Cause, Age, and Sex
Country Vital registration data Year used Other sources of information Method Cause of death distribution pattern used
Afghanistan a CodMod Arab Rep. of Egypt 2000, Islamic Rep. of Iran 2001
Albania 1987-9, 1992-2000 2000 a CodMod 2000
Algeria a CodMod South Africa 1996
Andorra b Based on 2000 data from Aragon, Navarra, and Cataluna provinces of Spain
Angola a CodMod South Africa 1996
Antigua and Barbuda 1961-4, 1966, 1969-78, 1983, 1985-95 1993-5 c Vital registration Vital registration
Argentina 1966-70, 1977-2001 2001 b Vital registration Vital registration
Armenia 1981-2, 1985-2001 2001 a CodMod 2001
Australia 1950-2000 2000 b Vital registration Vital registration
Austria 1955-2001 2001 b Vital registration Vital registration
Azerbaijan 1981-2, 1985-2001 2001 a CodMod 2001
Bahamas, The 1969, 1971-2, 1974-7, 1979-81, 1983-5, 1987, 1993-8 1996-8 c Vital registration Vital registration
Bahrain 1985, 1987-8, 1997-2001 2000-1 b Vital registration Vital registration
Bangladesh a CodMod India, Philippines
Barbados 1955-95 1993-5 Preliminary vital registration data for 2000 c Vital registration Vital registration
Belarus 1981-2, 1985-2001 2001 c Vital registration Vital registration
Belgium 1954-97 1997 b Vital registration Vital registration
Belize 1964-84, 1986-7, 1989-91, 1993-8 1997-8 c Vital registration Vital registration
Benin a CodMod South Africa 1996
Bhutan a CodMod India
Bolivia a CodMod Peru 2000
Bosnia and Herzegovina 1985-91, 1999 1999 c Vital registration Vital registration
Botswana 1995-8 a CodMod South Africa 1996
Brazil 1977-2000 2000 a CodMod 2000
Brunei Darussalam 1996-2000 1998-2000 b Vital registration Vital registration
Bulgaria 1964-2001 2001 c Vital registration Vital registration
Burkina Faso a CodMod South Africa 1996
Burundi a CodMod South Africa 1996
Cambodia a CodMod Philippines, Thailand
Cameroon a CodMod South Africa 1996
Canada 1950-2000 2000 b Vital registration Vital registration
Cape Verde 1980 a CodMod South Africa 1996
Central African Republic a CodMod South Africa 1996
Chad a CodMod South Africa 1996
Chile 1954-99 1999 Preliminary vital registration data for 2000 b Vital registration Vital registration
China 1987-2000 2000 DSP a Vital registration Vital registration
Colombia 1953-70, 1972, 1974-7, 1979, 1981, 1984-99 1999 a CodMod 1999
Comoros a CodMod South Africa 1996
Congo, Dem. Rep. of a CodMod South Africa 1996
Congo, Rep. of a CodMod South Africa 1996
Cook Islands 1995-2001 1999-2001 a Vital registration Vital registration
Costa Rica 1956-2002 2002 b Vital registration Vital registration
Cote d'Ivoire Abidjan, 1973-92: deaths assessed by medical personnel in city hospitals. Source: ENSEA, Abidjan a CodMod South Africa 1996
Croatia 1985-2001 2001 b Vital registration Vital registration
Cuba 1959, 1964-5, 1968-2001 2001 b Vital registration Vital registration
Cyprus 1996-9 1997-9 a CodMod 1997-9
Czech Republic 1985-2001 2001 b Vital registration Vital registration
Denmark 1951-99 1999 b Vital registration Vital registration
Djibouti a CodMod Arab Rep. of Egypt 2000, Islamic Rep. of Iran 2000
Dominica 1961-2, 1967-94 1992-4 c Vital registration Vital registration
Dominican Republic 1956-63, 1965-92, 1994-8 1998 a CodMod 1998
Ecuador 1961, 1963-75, 1977-2000 2000 a CodMod 2000
Egypt, Arab Rep. of 1954-67, 1970-80, 1987, 1991-2, 1996-2000 2000 a CodMod 2000
El Salvador 1950-74, 1981-4, 1990-3, 1995-9 1999 a CodMod 1999
Equatorial Guinea a CodMod South Africa 1996
Eritrea 1998-9 a CodMod South Africa 1996
Estonia 1981-2, 1985-2001 2001 b Vital registration Vital registration
Ethiopia a CodMod South Africa 1996
Fiji 1978, 1992-7, 1999-2000 2000 a Vital registration Vital registration
Finland 1952-2001 2001 b Vital registration Vital registration
France 1950-99 1999 b Vital registration Vital registration
Gabon a CodMod South Africa 1996
Gambia, The a CodMod South Africa 1996
Georgia 1981-2, 1985-92, 1994-2000 2000 a CodMod 2000
Germany 1969-2000 2000 b Vital registration Vital registration
Ghana Hospital mortality data for Eastern Region, 1990-2000 a CodMod South Africa 1996
Greece 1956-99 1999 b Vital registration Vital registration
Grenada 1974-8, 1984, 1988, 1994-6 1994-6 c Vital registration Vital registration
Guatemala 1958-71, 1974-81, 1984 1996 Preliminary vital registration data for 1996 a CodMod 1996
Guinea a CodMod South Africa 1996
Guinea-Bissau a CodMod South Africa 1996
Guyana 1975-7, 1979, 1984, 1988, 1990, 1993-6 1994-6 c Vital registration Vital registration
Haiti 1980-1, 1983, 1997, 1999 1999 a CodMod 1999
Honduras 1966, 1968-83 a CodMod Nicaragua, El Salvador, Guatemala
Hungary 1955-2001 2001 b Vital registration Vital registration
Iceland 1951-99 1997-9 b Vital registration Vital registration
India Survey of Cause of Death (Rural) 1996-8 Urban Medical Certification of Cause of Death System, 1995 a Proportionate mortality for urban and rural summed up to national estimate Cause of death information from urban and rural data sources
Indonesia a CodMod Singapore, India, Thailand, Philippines
Iran, Islamic Rep. of 1999-2001 2001 a CodMod 2001 (18 provinces' mortality data)
Iraq a CodMod Arab Rep. of Egypt 2000, Islamic Rep. of Iran 2001
Ireland 1950-2000 2000 c Vital registration Vital registration
Israel 1975-98 1998 b Vital registration Vital registration
Italy 1951-99 1999 b Vital registration Vital registration
Jamaica 1960-1, 1964-5, 1967-71, 1975, 1977, 1980-91 1991 a CodMod 1991
Japan 1950-2000 2000 b Vital registration Vital registration
Jordan 1959-60, 1962-6, 1968, 1970-5, 1978-9 Mortality and causes of death in Jordan 1995-6: assessment by verbal autopsy. Source: S.A. Khoury, D. Massad, and T. Fardous, Bulletin of the World Health Organization 77(8) a Verbal autopsy data Verbal autopsy data
Kazakhstan 1981-2, 1985-2001 2001 a CodMod 2001
Kenya Ministry of Health, hospital data, 1996, 1998-2000 a CodMod South Africa 1996
Kiribati 1999-2002 2000-2 Ministry of Health, Family Planning and Social Welfare, Third National Health, Family Planning and Social Welfare Plan 1992-5 a Vital registration 2000-2
Korea, Democratic People's Rep. of a CodMod Philippines, India
Korea, Rep. of 1985-2001 2001 b Vital registration Vital registration
Kuwait 1972, 1975-87, 1993-2001 1999-2001 b Vital registration Vital registration
Kyrgyz Republic 1981-2, 1985-2001 2001 a CodMod 2001
Lao PDR a CodMod Philippines, Thailand
Latvia 1980-2001 2001 b Vital registration Vital registration
Lebanon 1997-9 a CodMod Arab Rep. of Egypt 2000, Islamic Rep. of Iran 2001
Lesotho a CodMod South Africa 1996
Liberia a CodMod South Africa 1996
Libya a CodMod Arab Rep. of Egypt 2000, Islamic Rep. of Iran 2001
Lithuania 1981-2, 1985-2001 2001 b Vital registration Vital registration
Luxembourg 1955-62, 1965-2001 1999-2001 b Vital registration Vital registration
Macedonia, FYR 1991-2000 2000 c Vital registration Vital registration
Madagascar Antananarivo, 1976-95: deaths certified by medical personnel. Source: CEPED, Paris a CodMod South Africa 1996
Malawi a CodMod South Africa 1996
Malaysia 1986, 1990-8 a CodMod Singapore, China, Thailand
Maldives a CodMod India, Philippines
Mali a CodMod South Africa 1996
Malta 1955-2001 1999-2001 b Vital registration Vital registration
Marshall Islands a Cook Islands, Marshall Islands, Niue, Samoa, Tonga, Tuvalu, Vanuatu, Kiribati, Nauru, Fiji
Mauritania a CodMod South Africa 1996
Mauritius 1957-2000 1998-2000 c Vital registration Vital registration
Mexico 1955-2001 2001 b Vital registration Vital registration
Micronesia, Federated States of 1999 Federated States of Micronesia Statistical Yearbook a Cook Islands, Marshall Islands, Niue, Samoa, Tonga, Tuvalu, Vanuatu, Kiribati, Nauru, Fiji
Moldova 1981-2, 1985-2001 2001 b Vital registration Vital registration
Monaco b Based on 1998 data from Provence Alpes Cote d'Azur, Department of France
Mongolia 1990-2000 2000 a CodMod 2000
Morocco 1990-7 a CodMod Arab Rep. of Egypt 2000, Islamic Rep. of Iran 2001
Mozambique a CodMod Zimbabwe 1995, South Africa 1996
Myanmar 1977-8 a CodMod Philippines, India
Namibia a CodMod South Africa 1996
Nauru 1994-6 1994-6 Mortality decline in Nauru. Source: R. Taylor and K. Thoma, unpublished 1998 a Vital registration 1994-6
Nepal a CodMod Philippines, India
Netherlands 1950-2000 2000 b Vital registration Vital registration
New Zealand 1950-99 1999 b Vital registration Vital registration
Nicaragua 1959, 1961-5, 1968-9, 1973-8, 1988-94, 1996-2000 2000 a CodMod 2000
Niger a CodMod South Africa 1996
Nigeria a CodMod South Africa 1996
Niue 1995-2000 1998-2000 a Vital registration Vital registration
Norway 1951-2000 2000 b Vital registration Vital registration
Oman 1997 a CodMod Bahrain, Kuwait, 1997-2001
Pakistan a CodMod India
Palau a Cook Islands, Marshall Islands, Niue, Samoa, Tonga, Tuvalu, Vanuatu, Kiribati, Nauru, Fiji
Panama 1954-89, 1996-2000 2000 a CodMod 2000
Papua New Guinea 1977, 1980 a CodMod Philippines, India
Paraguay 1961-3, 1965-91, 1994, 1996-2000 2000 a CodMod 2000
Peru 1966-73, 1977-8, 1980-3, 1986-92, 1994-2000 2000 a CodMod 2000
Philippines 1963-78, 1981, 1992-8 1998 a CodMod 1998
Poland 1959-2001 2001 b Vital registration Vital registration
Portugal 1955-2000 2000 b Vital registration Vital registration
Qatar 1995, 2000-1 2001 a CodMod 2001
Romania 1959-2001 2001 b Vital registration Vital registration
Russian Federation 1980-2001 2001 c Vital registration Vital registration
Rwanda a CodMod South Africa 1996
St. Kitts and Nevis 1961-3, 1965-7, 1969-95 1993-5 c Vital registration Vital registration
St. Lucia 1968-81, 1983, 1986-95 1993-5 c Vital registration Vital registration
St. Vincent and the Grenadines 1970-2, 1974, 1977, 1979, 1982-7, 1995-9 1997-9 c Vital registration Vital registration
Samoa Department of Health Statistics, Demographic and Health Survey, 1999 and 2000 a Cook Islands, Marshall Islands, Niue, Samoa, Tonga, Tuvalu, Vanuatu, Kiribati, Nauru, Fiji
San Marino 1995-2000 1998-2000 b Vital registration Vital registration
Sao Tome and Principe 1984-5, 1987 a CodMod South Africa 1996
Saudi Arabia a CodMod Bahrain, Kuwait, 1997-2001
Senegal Niakhar 1983-90: deaths assessed by verbal autopsy. Source: CEPED, Paris a CodMod South Africa 1996
Serbia and Montenegro 2000 2000 b Vital registration Vital registration
Seychelles 1981-2, 1985-7, 1997-2000 1998-2000 b Vital registration Vital registration
Sierra Leone a CodMod South Africa 1996
Singapore 1955-2001 2001 c Vital registration Vital registration
Slovak Republic 1992-2001 2001 b Vital registration Vital registration
Slovenia 1985-2001 2001 b Vital registration Vital registration
Solomon Islands a Cook Islands, Marshall Islands, Niue, Samoa, Tonga, Tuvalu, Vanuatu, Kiribati, Nauru, Fiji
Somalia a CodMod Arab Rep. of Egypt 2000, South Africa 1996
South Africa 1993-6 1996 National Injury Mortality Surveillance System: Summary Report 2000 ; K. Kahn, S. M. Tollman, M. Garenne, and J. S. Gear, "Causes of Death in a Rural Area of South Africa: An International Perspective, Journal of Tropical Pediatrics, 46 (June) c ; and Violence and Injury Surveillance Consortium, Rapid Assessment of Trauma Facilities at State Hospitals in South Africa, 2000 a CodMod South Africa 1996
Spain 1951-2000 2000 b Vital registration Vital registration
Sri Lanka 1950-68, 1977, 1980-9, 1991-2, 1995-6 1996 a CodMod 1996
Sudan a CodMod Arab Rep. of Egypt 2000, South Africa 1996
Suriname 1963-6, 1971-3, 1975-82, 1984-92 1990-2 a Vital registration Vital registration
Swaziland a CodMod South Africa 1996
Sweden 1951-2000 2000 b Vital registration Vital registration
Switzerland 1951-99 1999 b Vital registration Vital registration
Syrian Arab Republic 1973-8, 1980-1, 1984-5, 2000-1 2001 a CodMod 2001
Tajikistan 1981-2, 1985-95, 1999 1999 a CodMod 1999
Tanzania a CodMod Zimbabwe 1995, South Africa 1996
Thailand 1955-87, 1990-2000 2000 Ministry of Health, verbal autopsy study a Vital registration corrected by verbal autopsy study
Timor-Leste a CodMod India, Philippines
Togo a CodMod South Africa 1996
Tonga 1998 1998 Report of the Minister of Health for 1994 Vital registration Vital registration
Trinidad and Tobago 1951-98 1996-8 b Vital registration Vital registration
Tunisia a CodMod Arab Rep. of Egypt 2000, Islamic Rep. of Iran 2001
Turkey 1987-98 1998 a CodMod 1998
Turkmenistan 1981-2, 1985-98 1998 a CodMod 1998
Tuvalu a Cook Islands, Marshall Islands, Niue, Samoa, Tonga, Tuvalu, Vanuatu, Kiribati, Nauru, Fiji
Uganda a CodMod South Africa 1996
Ukraine 1981-2, 1985-2000 2000 c Vital registration Vital registration
United Arab Emirates a CodMod Bahrain and Kuwait, 1997-2001
United Kingdom 1950-2000 2000 b Vital registration Vital registration
United States 1950-2000 2000 b Vital registration Vital registration
Uruguay 1955-60, 1963-78, 1980-91, 1993-2000 2000 b Vital registration Vital registration
Uzbekistan 1981-2, 1985-2000 2000 a CodMod 2000
Vanuatu Ministry of Health, hospital data, 2001 a Cook Islands, Marshall Islands, Niue, Samoa, Tonga, Tuvalu, Vanuatu, Kiribati, Nauru and Fiji
Venezuela (R.B. de) 1955-83, 1985-90, 1992-2000 2000 b Vital registration Vital registration
Vietnam a CodMod China, India, and Thailand
Yemen, Republic of a CodMod Arab Rep. of Egypt 2000, Islamic Rep. of Iran 2001
Zambia 1999-2000 a CodMod South Africa 1996
Zimbabwe 1990, 1994-5 a CodMod Zimbabwe 1995, South Africa 1996

Source: Mathers, Lopez, and others 2004.

Note: CEPED = Centre Population et Developpement; ENSEA = l'Ecole Nationale Superieure de Statistiques et d'Economie Appliquee.

a. Epidemiological estimates obtained from studies, WHO technical programs, and UNAIDS for the following conditions: HIV/AIDS, tuberculosis, measles, pertussis, poliomyelitis, tetanus, lower respiratory infections, Chagas' disease, maternal conditions, perinatal conditions, cancers, drug use disorders, rheumatoid arthritis, and war.

b. Epidemiological estimates obtained from studies, WHO technical programs, and UNAIDS for the following conditions: drug use disorders and war.

c. Epidemiological estimates obtained from studies, WHO technical programs, and UNAIDS for the following conditions: HIV/AIDS, drug use disorders, and war.

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