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3. The Burden of Disease and Mortality by Condition: Data, Methods, and Results for 2001

Table 3A.6: Disability Weights for Diseases and Conditions (Except Cancers and Injuries)

Disability Weights for Diseases and Conditions (Except Cancers and Injuries)
Sequela Average disability weight a Range b Source
Tuberculosis—cases 0.271 0.264-0.294 GBD 1990 c , varies with age
Syphilis
  Congenital syphilis 0.315 GBD 1990
  Primary 0.015 0.014-0.015 GBD 1990 c , varies with age
  Secondary 0.048 0.044-0.048 GBD 1990 c , varies with age
  Tertiary—neurologic 0.283 GBD 1990
  Chlamydia
  Cervicitis 0.049 GBD 1990
  Neonatal pneumonia 0.280 GBD 1990
  Ophthalmia neonatorum 0.180 GBD 1990
  Pelvic inflammatory disease 0.327 0.194-0.382 GBD 1990 c : untreated 0.420, treated 0.169
  Ectopic pregnancy 0.549 GBD 1990
  Tubo-ovarian abscess 0.548 GBD 1990
  Chronic pelvic pain 0.122 GBD 1990
  Infertility 0.180 GBD 1990
  Symptomatic urethritis 0.067 GBD 1990
  Epididymitis 0.167 GBD 1990
Gonorrhea
  Cervicitis 0.049 GBD 1990
  Corneal scar—blindness 0.600 GBD 1990
  Ophthalmia neonatorum 0.180 GBD 1990
  Pelvic inflammatory disease 0.169 GBD 1990
  Ectopic pregnancy 0.549 GBD 1990
  Tubo-ovarian abscess 0.548 GBD 1990
  Chronic pelvic pain 0.122 GBD 1990
  Infertility 0.180 GBD 1990
  Symptomatic urethritis 0.067 GBD 1990
  Epididymitis 0.167 GBD 1990
  Corneal scar—low vision 0.233 0.233-0.245 GBD 1990 c , varies with age
  Stricture 0.151 GBD 1990
HIV/AIDS
  HIV cases 0.135 0.123-0.136 GBD 1990 c, varies with age
  AIDS cases 0.505 GBD 1990
Diarrheal diseases—episodes 0.105 0.086-0.119 GBD 1990 c , varies with age
Pertussis
  Episodes 0.129 0.016-0.160 GBD 1990
  Encephalopathy 0.450 0.402-0.484 GBD 1990 c , varies with age and treatment
Poliomyelitis—cases—lameness 0.369 GBD 1990
Diphtheria
  Episodes 0.231 GBD 1990
  Neurological complications 0.078 GBD 1990
  Myocarditis 0.323 GBD 1990
Measles—episodes 0.152 GBD 1990
Tetanus—episodes 0.633 0.604-0.640 GBD 1990 c , varies with age
Meningitis
  Streptococcus pneumoniae—episodes 0.615 0.613-0.616 GBD 1990 c , varies with age
  Haemophilus influenzae—episodes 0.616 0.613-0.616 GBD 1990 c , varies with age
  Neisseria meningitidis—episodes 0.615 0.613-0.616 GBD 1990 c , varies with age
  Meningococcaemia without meningitis—episodes 0.152 GBD 1990
  Deafness 0.229 0.213-0.233 GBD 1990 c , varies with age and treatment
  Mental retardation 0.456 0.402-0.484 GBD 1990 c , varies with age and treatment
  Motor deficit 0.380 0.339-0.460 GBD 1990 c , varies with age and treatment
  Seizure disorder 0.097 0.046-0.142 GBD 1990 c , varies with age and treatment
Hepatitis B—episodes 0.211 0.170-0.212 GBD 1990 c , varies with age
Hepatitis C—episodes 0.211 0.170-0.212 GBD 1990 c , varies with age
Malaria
  Episodes 0.191 0.172-0.211 GBD 1990 c , varies with age and treatment
  Neurological sequelae 0.471 0.443-0.471 GBD 1990 c , varies with age and treatment
  Anemia 0.012 0.012-0.013 GBD 1990 c , varies with age
Trypanosomiasis—episodes 0.350 GBD 1990
Chagas' disease
  Infection 0.000 GBD 1990
  Cardiomyopathy without congestive heart failure 0.062 GBD 1990
  Cardiomyopathy with congestive heart failure 0.270 0.186-0.308 GBD 1990 c : untreated 0.323, treated 0.171
  Megaviscera 0.240 GBD 1990
Schistosomiasis—infection 0.006 0.005-0.006 GBD 1990 c , varies with age
Leishmaniasis
  Visceral 0.243 GBD 1990
  Cutaneous 0.023 GBD 1990
Lymphatic filariasis
  Hydrocele > 15 cm 0.073 0.066-0.075 GBD 1990 c , varies with age
  Bancroftian lymphedema 0.106 0.067-0.128 GBD 1990 c , varies with age
  Brugian lymphedema 0.116 0.064-0.128 GBD 1990 c , varies with age
Onchocerciasis
  Blindness 0.600 GBD 1990
  Itching 0.068 GBD 1990
  Low vision 0.260 GBD 1990 d
Leprosy
  Cases 0.000 GBD 1990
  Disabling leprosy 0.152 GBD 1990
Dengue—dengue hemorrhagic fever 0.210 0.195-0.211 GBD 1990 c , varies with age
Japanese encephalitis
  Episodes 0.616 0.613-0.616 GBD 1990 c , varies with age
  Cognitive impairment 0.468 0.402-0.484 GBD 1990 c , varies with age and treatment
  Neurological sequelae 0.380 0.339-0.460 GBD 1990 c , varies with age and treatment
Trachoma
  Blindness 0.600 GBD 1990
  Low vision 0.278 0.227-0.282 GBD 1990 d : untreated 0.282, treated 0.227
Ascariasis
  High-intensity infection 0.000 GBD 1990
  Contemporaneous cognitive deficit 0.006 GBD 1990
  Cognitive impairment 0.463 GBD 1990
  Intestinal obstruction 0.024 GBD 1990
Trichuriasis
  High-intensity infection 0.000 GBD 1990
  Contemporaneous cognitive deficit 0.006 GBD 1990
  Massive dysentery syndrome 0.116 0.114-0.138 GBD 1990 c , varies with age
  Cognitive impairment 0.024 GBD 1990
Hookworm disease (ancylostomiasis and necatoriasis)
  High-intensity infection 0.000 GBD 1990
  Anemia 0.024 GBD 1990
  Cognitive impairment 0.024 GBD 1990
Lower respiratory infections
  Episodes 0.279 GBD 1990
  Chronic sequelae 0.099 GBD 1990
Upper respiratory infections
  Episodes 0.000 GBD 1990
  Pharyngitis 0.070 GBD 1990
Otitis media
  Episodes 0.023 GBD 1990
  Deafness 0.229 0.213-0.233 GBD 1990 c , varies with age and treatment
Maternal hemorrhage
  Episodes 0.000 GBD 1990
  Severe anemia 0.093 0.087-0.093 GBD 1990 c , varies with age
Maternal sepsis
  Episodes 0.000 GBD 1990
  Infertility 0.180 GBD 1990
Hypertensive disorders of pregnancy—episodes 0.000 GBD 1990
Obstructed labor
  Episodes 0.000 GBD 1990
  Cesarean section for obstructed labor 0.349 GBD 1990
  Stress incontinence 0.025 GBD 1990
  Rectovaginal fistula 0.430 GBD 1990
Abortion
  Episodes 0.000 GBD 1990
  Infertility 0.180 GBD 1990
  Reproductive tract infection 0.067 GBD 1990
Other maternal conditions
  Stress incontinence 0.025 GBD 1990
Low birthweight—all sequelae 0.106 GBD 1990
Birth asphyxia and birth trauma— all sequelae 0.372 0.343-0.379 GBD 1990 c : untreated 0.381, treated 0.334
Protein-energy malnutrition
  Wasting 0.053 GBD 1990
  Stunting 0.002 GBD 1990
  Developmental disability 0.024 GBD 1990
Iodine deficiency
  Goiter grades 1 and 2 0.000 GBD 1990
  Mild developmental disability 0.006 GBD 1990
  Cretinoidism 0.255 GBD 1990
  Cretinism 0.804 GBD 1990
Vitamin A deficiency
  Xerophthalmia 0.000 GBD 1990
  Corneal scar 0.276 0.274-0.282 GBD 1990 c , varies with age
Iron-deficiency anemia
  Mild 0.000 GBD 1990
  Moderate 0.011 0.011-0.012 GBD 1990 c , varies with age
  Severe 0.090 0.087-0.093 GBD 1990 c , varies with age
Cognitive impairment 0.024 GBD 1990
Diabetes mellitus
  Cases 0.015 0.012-0.018 GBD 1990 c : untreated 0.012, treated 0.033
  Diabetic foot 0.133 0.130-0.136 GBD 1990 c : untreated 0.137, treated 0.129
  Neuropathy 0.072 0.066-0.076 GBD 1990 c : untreated 0.078, treated 0.064
  Retinopathy—blindness 0.550 0.511-0.595 GBD 1990 c : untreated 0.600, treated 0.493
  Amputation 0.102 0.086-0.151 GBD 1990 c : untreated 0.155, treated 0.068
Unipolar depressive disorders
  Mild episode 0.140 Netherlands study e
  Moderate episode 0.350 Netherlands study e
  Severe episode 0.760 Netherlands study e
  Dysthymia 0.140 Netherlands study e
Bipolar affective disorder—cases 0.367 0.309-0.387 Untreated 0.400, treated 0.140
Schizophrenia—cases 0.528 0.406-0.572 GBD 1990 c , varies with age and treatment
Epilepsy—cases 0.113 0.052-0.142 GBD 1990 c , varies with age and treatment
Alcohol use disorders—cases 0.155 d
Alzheimer's disease and other dementias—cases 0.666 0.627-0.667 GBD 1990 c , varies with age
Parkinson's disease—cases 0.351 0.324-0.395 GBD 1990 c , varies with age and treatment
Multiple sclerosis—cases 0.411 0.410-0.437 GBD 1990 c , varies with age
Drug use disorders—cases 0.252 GBD 1990
Post-traumatic stress disorder—cases 0.105 GBD 1990
Obsessive-compulsive disorder—cases 0.127 0.122-0.129 GBD 1990 c : untreated 0.129, treated 0.080
Panic disorder—cases 0.165 0.153-0.171 GBD 1990 c : untreated 0.173, treated 0.091
Insomnia (primary)—cases 0.100 f
Migraine—cases 0.029 0.025-0.030 f
Mild mental retardation, lead-caused—cases 0.361 Netherlands study e
Glaucoma
  Low vision 0.247 0.227-0.282 GBD 1990 d : untreated 0.282, treated 0.227
  Blindness 0.600 GBD 1990
Cataracts
  Low vision 0.271 0.234-0.280 GBD 1990 d : untreated 0.282, treated 0.227
  Blindness 0.568 0.511-0.595 GBD 1990 c : untreated 0.600, treated 0.488
Vision disorders, age-related and other
  Low vision 0.263 0.227-0.282 GBD 1990 d : untreated 0.282, treated 0.227
  Blindness 0.600 GBD 1990
Hearing loss, adult onset
  Mild 0.000 Assumed to have no disability for GBD
  Moderate, treated 0.040 Assumed similar to mild hearing loss f
  Moderate, untreated 0.120 Netherlands study e
  Severe or profound, treated 0.120 Assumed similar to moderate loss f
  Severe or profound, untreated 0.333 GBD 1990 deafness weight c
Rheumatic heart disease—cases 0.253 0.186-0.300 GBD 1990 c : untreated 0.323, treated 0.171
Hypertensive heart disease—cases 0.243 0.201-0.300 f : untreated 0.323, treated 0.171
Ischemic heart disease
  Acute myocardial infarction 0.437 0.405-0.477 GBD 1990 c : untreated 0.491, treated 0.395
  Angina pectoris 0.137 0.108-0.207 GBD 1990 c : untreated 0.227, treated 0.095
  Congestive heart failure 0.234 0.186-0.300 GBD 1990 c : untreated 0.323, treated 0.171
Cerebrovascular disease
  First-ever stroke cases 0.920 f
  Long-term stroke survivors 0.270 0.228-0.295 d , varies with age and treatment
Inflammatory heart disease—all sequelae 0.252 0.201-0.300 GBD 1990 c : untreated 0.323, treated 0.171
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
  Mild and moderate symptomatic cases 0.170 Netherlands study e
  Severe symptomatic cases 0.530 Netherlands study e
Asthma—cases 0.043 0.036-0.050 f : untreated 0.054, treated 0.043
Peptic ulcer disease f
  Cases with antibiotic treatment 0.003 GBD 1990
  Cases not treated with antibiotic 0.115 GBD 1990
Cirrhosis of the liver—symptomatic cases 0.330 GBD 1990
Appendicitis—episodes 0.463 GBD 1990
Nephritis and nephrosis
  Acute glomerulonephritis 0.091 0.082-0.104 GBD 1990 c , varies with age and treatment
  End-stage renal disease 0.098 0.087-0.107 GBD 1990 c , varies with age and treatment
Benign prostatic hypertrophy—symptomatic cases 0.038 GBD 1990
Skin diseases—cases 0.056 f
Rheumatoid arthritis—cases 0.199 0.185-0.221 GBD 1990 c : untreated 0.233, treated 0.174
Osteoarthritis
  Hip 0.126 0.118-0.147 GBD 1990 c : untreated 0.156, treated 0.108
  Knee 0.129 0.118-0.147 GBD 1990 c : untreated 0.156, treated 0.108
Gout—cases 0.132 0.061-0.189 f
Low back pain
  Episode of limiting low back pain 0.061 e
  Acute intervertebral disc disorder 0.061 f
  Chronic intervertebral disc disorder 0.121 0.103-0.125 f
Abdominal wall defect—cases 0.850 GBD 1990
Anencephaly—cases 0.850 GBD 1990
Anorectal atresia—cases 0.850 GBD 1990
Cleft lip—cases 0.049 0.002-0.082 GBD 1990 c : untreated 0.016, treated 0.098
Cleft palate—cases 0.101 0.036-0.187 GBD 1990 c : untreated 0.015, treated 0.231
Esophageal atresia—cases 0.850 GBD 1990
Renal agenesis—cases 0.850 GBD 1990
Down syndrome—cases 0.593 GBD 1990
Congenital heart anomalies—cases 0.323 GBD 1990
Spina bifida—cases 0.593 GBD 1990
Dental caries—episodes 0.081 GBD 1990
Periodontal disease—cases 0.001 GBD 1990
Edentulism—cases 0.020 0.007-0.052 GBD 1990 c : untreated 0.062, treated 0.001

Source: Authors' compilation.

a. Global average disability weight.

b. Minimum and maximum disability weights if there is variation across age-sex-region categories. For disability weights based on the GBD 1990 study, further details of age-sex variation, treated and untreated weights, are given in annex tables 3 and 4 of Murray and Lopez 1996a .

c. Disability weights from GBD 1990 ( Murray and Lopez 1996a ).

d. Disability weights based on GBD 1990 ( Murray and Lopez 1996a ) with some revisions.

e. Disability weights drawn from Netherlands disability weights study ( Stouthard and others 1997 ).

f. Provisional disability weights based on GBD 1990 or Netherlands weights for comparable health states.

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