Table 4A.30: Risk factor: High cholesterolSFTRETDisease: All causes
Risk factor: High cholesterolSFTRETDisease: All causes | 0-4 years | 5-14 years | 15-29 years | 30-44 years | 45-59 years | 60-69 years | 70-79 years | 80+ years | Total | | Region | Male | Female | Male | Female | Male | Female | Male | Female | Male | Female | Male | Female | Male | Female | Male | Female | Male | Female | All | | PAF of Mortality (%) | | East Asia and Pacific | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA | 3 | 2 | 5 | 5 | 5 | 7 | 4 | 7 | 2 | 5 | 3 | 5 | 4 | | Europe and Central Asia | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA | 11 | 7 | 21 | 17 | 21 | 25 | 20 | 27 | 18 | 26 | 17 | 23 | 20 | | Latin America and the Caribbean | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA | 4 | 4 | 11 | 9 | 11 | 10 | 9 | 10 | 6 | 8 | 7 | 7 | 7 | | Middle East and North Africa | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA | 10 | 6 | 17 | 14 | 14 | 16 | 12 | 15 | 9 | 12 | 9 | 9 | 9 | | South Asia | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA | 5 | 5 | 14 | 13 | 13 | 14 | 10 | 12 | 7 | 9 | 7 | 7 | 7 | | Sub-Saharan Africa | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA | 0 | 0 | 1 | 3 | 1 | 5 | 0 | 4 | 0 | 3 | 0 | 1 | 1 | | Low- and middle-income countries | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA | 4 | 3 | 10 | 9 | 10 | 12 | 9 | 12 | 6 | 11 | 6 | 7 | 6 | | High-income countries | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA | 8 | 4 | 14 | 8 | 12 | 10 | 11 | 12 | 9 | 12 | 10 | 11 | 11 | | WORLD | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA | 4 | 3 | 11 | 9 | 10 | 12 | 9 | 12 | 7 | 12 | 6 | 8 | 7 | | PAF of YLL (%) | | East Asia and Pacific | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA | 3 | 2 | 5 | 5 | 5 | 7 | 4 | 7 | 2 | 5 | 3 | 4 | 3 | | Europe and Central Asia | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA | 11 | 7 | 20 | 17 | 21 | 25 | 20 | 27 | 17 | 26 | 15 | 20 | 17 | | Latin America and the Caribbean | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA | 4 | 4 | 11 | 9 | 11 | 10 | 9 | 10 | 6 | 8 | 5 | 5 | 5 | | Middle East and North Africa | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA | 10 | 5 | 17 | 14 | 14 | 16 | 12 | 15 | 9 | 12 | 7 | 6 | 6 | | South Asia | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA | 5 | 5 | 14 | 13 | 13 | 14 | 10 | 12 | 7 | 9 | 5 | 5 | 5 | | Sub-Saharan Africa | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA | 0 | 0 | 1 | 3 | 1 | 5 | 0 | 4 | 0 | 3 | 0 | 1 | 0 | | Low- and middle-income countries | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA | 4 | 3 | 10 | 9 | 10 | 12 | 9 | 12 | 6 | 11 | 4 | 4 | 4 | | High-income countries | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA | 8 | 4 | 14 | 8 | 12 | 10 | 10 | 12 | 9 | 12 | 10 | 9 | 10 | | WORLD | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA | 4 | 3 | 11 | 9 | 10 | 12 | 9 | 12 | 7 | 11 | 5 | 5 | 5 | | PAF of DALYs (%) | | East Asia and Pacific | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA | 2 | 1 | 4 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 3 | 5 | 2 | 4 | 2 | 2 | 2 | | Europe and Central Asia | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA | 8 | 4 | 17 | 11 | 18 | 19 | 17 | 22 | 15 | 21 | 12 | 13 | 12 | | Latin America and the Caribbean | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA | 3 | 2 | 8 | 6 | 9 | 7 | 7 | 7 | 5 | 6 | 3 | 3 | 3 | | Middle East and North Africa | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA | 5 | 2 | 11 | 8 | 11 | 11 | 10 | 12 | 7 | 10 | 4 | 4 | 4 | | South Asia | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA | 4 | 3 | 10 | 9 | 11 | 11 | 9 | 10 | 6 | 8 | 4 | 3 | 4 | | Sub-Saharan Africa | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA | 0 | 0 | 1 | 2 | 1 | 4 | 0 | 3 | 0 | 3 | 0 | 0 | 0 | | Low- and middle-income countries | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA | 3 | 2 | 8 | 6 | 8 | 9 | 7 | 10 | 5 | 9 | 3 | 3 | 3 | | High-income countries | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA | 5 | 2 | 10 | 5 | 10 | 7 | 9 | 9 | 7 | 8 | 7 | 6 | 6 | | WORLD | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA | 3 | 2 | 8 | 6 | 9 | 9 | 8 | 10 | 6 | 9 | 3 | 3 | 3 | | Attributable Mortality (thousands) | | East Asia and Pacific | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA | 17 | 8 | 59 | 39 | 63 | 65 | 60 | 100 | 21 | 79 | 220 | 290 | 510 | | Europe and Central Asia | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA | 36 | 8 | 128 | 44 | 149 | 109 | 143 | 228 | 61 | 238 | 516 | 626 | 1,142 | | Latin America and the Caribbean | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA | 9 | 4 | 33 | 17 | 30 | 21 | 30 | 28 | 18 | 30 | 119 | 100 | 220 | | Middle East and North Africa | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA | 8 | 3 | 27 | 15 | 25 | 20 | 24 | 26 | 9 | 15 | 93 | 79 | 172 | | South Asia | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA | 37 | 26 | 158 | 99 | 143 | 126 | 113 | 127 | 39 | 56 | 491 | 434 | 925 | | Sub-Saharan Africa | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA | 1 | 1 | 7 | 13 | 5 | 18 | 2 | 16 | 0 | 7 | 14 | 56 | 70 | | Low- and middle-income countries | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA | 107 | 49 | 411 | 227 | 415 | 360 | 372 | 525 | 148 | 425 | 1,453 | 1,585 | 3,038 | | High-income countries | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA | 16 | 4 | 73 | 22 | 83 | 41 | 123 | 108 | 119 | 253 | 415 | 428 | 842 | | WORLD | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA | 123 | 53 | 484 | 248 | 498 | 400 | 495 | 633 | 267 | 678 | 1,868 | 2,013 | 3,880 | | Attributable YLL (thousands) | | East Asia and Pacific | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA | 398 | 185 | 1,094 | 787 | 850 | 970 | 537 | 1,020 | 102 | 392 | 2,982 | 3,354 | 6,337 | | Europe and Central Asia | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA | 834 | 186 | 2,422 | 871 | 2,013 | 1,637 | 1,290 | 2,326 | 277 | 1,103 | 6,836 | 6,124 | 12,959 | | Latin America and the Caribbean | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA | 216 | 103 | 608 | 331 | 407 | 321 | 267 | 289 | 81 | 140 | 1,579 | 1,185 | 2,764 | | Middle East and North Africa | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA | 201 | 75 | 506 | 291 | 332 | 302 | 214 | 266 | 46 | 82 | 1,298 | 1,017 | 2,315 | | South Asia | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA | 859 | 635 | 2,948 | 1,967 | 1,940 | 1,905 | 1,011 | 1,335 | 194 | 299 | 6,952 | 6,140 | 13,092 | | Sub-Saharan Africa | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA | 21 | 21 | 125 | 258 | 66 | 275 | 16 | 167 | 0 | 40 | 227 | 760 | 988 | | Low- and middle-income countries | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA | 2,529 | 1,206 | 7,702 | 4,505 | 5,607 | 5,410 | 3,335 | 5,404 | 700 | 2,055 | 19,874 | 18,581 | 38,455 | | High-income countries | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA | 369 | 102 | 1,365 | 429 | 1,119 | 609 | 1,074 | 1,075 | 519 | 1,040 | 4,447 | 3,254 | 7,701 | | WORLD | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA | 2,898 | 1,308 | 9,067 | 4,934 | 6,727 | 6,019 | 4,410 | 6,479 | 1,219 | 3,095 | 24,321 | 21,835 | 46,156 | | Attributable DALYs (thousands) | | East Asia and Pacific | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA | 474 | 224 | 1,336 | 981 | 1,044 | 1,163 | 608 | 1,147 | 108 | 411 | 3,570 | 3,925 | 7,495 | | Europe and Central Asia | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA | 921 | 235 | 2,614 | 1,019 | 2,200 | 1,865 | 1,375 | 2,491 | 286 | 1,137 | 7,395 | 6,748 | 14,142 | | Latin America and the Caribbean | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA | 265 | 141 | 705 | 408 | 473 | 378 | 293 | 317 | 84 | 146 | 1,819 | 1,390 | 3,209 | | Middle East and North Africa | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA | 230 | 89 | 550 | 325 | 362 | 330 | 225 | 278 | 47 | 84 | 1,414 | 1,106 | 2,520 | | South Asia | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA | 989 | 735 | 3,220 | 2,196 | 2,140 | 2,100 | 1,073 | 1,413 | 200 | 309 | 7,622 | 6,751 | 14,373 | | Sub-Saharan Africa | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA | 23 | 24 | 135 | 287 | 71 | 302 | 17 | 175 | 0 | 41 | 246 | 829 | 1,075 | | Low- and middle-income countries | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA | 2,902 | 1,448 | 8,559 | 5,216 | 6,289 | 6,137 | 3,591 | 5,821 | 725 | 2,128 | 22,066 | 20,750 | 42,815 | | High-income countries | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA | 477 | 172 | 1,693 | 644 | 1,378 | 827 | 1,247 | 1,304 | 558 | 1,131 | 5,353 | 4,078 | 9,431 | | WORLD | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA | 3,379 | 1,620 | 10,252 | 5,860 | 7,667 | 6,964 | 4,838 | 7,125 | 1,282 | 3,259 | 27,419 | 24,828 | 52,246 |
Source: Authors' calculations.
Note: NA = not applicable. |
< Back to Chapter Summary Page
Chapter Sections
Figures
Tables
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4.1
CRA Risk Factors, Exposure Variables, Theoretical-Minimum-Risk Exposure Distributions, and Disease Outcomes
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4.2
Distribution of Risk Factor-Attributable Mortality and Burden of Disease, by Age and Sex.
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4.3
Joint Contributions (PAFs) of the Leading Risk Factors to Mortality and Burden of Disease, by Region
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4.4
Individual and Joint Contributions of Risk Factors to 10 Leading Diseases and Total Burden of Disease
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4.5
Individual and Joint Contributions of Risk Factors to Mortality and Burden of Disease from Site-Specific Cancers
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4.6
Individual and Joint Contributions of Risk Factors to Mortality and Burden of Disease from Cardiovascular Diseases
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4.7
Individual and Joint Contributions of Risk Factors to Mortality and Burden of Disease from Major Diseases of Children
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4.A1
Risk factor: Childhood underweight
Disease: Diarrheal diseases
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4.A2
Risk factor: Childhood underweight
Disease: Measles
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4.A3
Risk factor: Childhood underweight
Disease: Malaria
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4.A4
Risk factor: Childhood underweight
Disease: Lower respiratory infections
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4.A5
Risk factor: Childhood underweight
Disease: Protein-energy malnutrition
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4.A6
Risk factor: Childhood underweight
Disease: Selected other Group I diseases
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4.A7
Risk factor: Childhood underweight
Disease: All causes
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4.A8
Risk factor: Iron-deficiency anemia
Disease: Maternal conditions
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4.A9
Risk factor: Iron-deficiency anemia
Disease: Perinatal conditions
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4.A10
Risk factor: Iron-deficiency anemia
Disease: Iron-deficiency anemia
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4.A11
Risk factor: Iron-deficiency anemia
Disease: All causes
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4.A12
Risk factor: Vitamin A deficiency
Disease: Diarrheal diseases
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4.A13
Risk factor: Vitamin A deficiency
Disease: Measles
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4.A14
Risk factor: Vitamin A deficiency
Disease: Malaria
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4.A15
Risk factor: Vitamin A deficiency
Disease: Other infectious diseases
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4.A16
Risk factor: Vitamin A deficiency
Disease: Selected maternal conditions
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4.A17
Risk factor: Vitamin A deficiency
Disease: Vitamin A deficiency
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4.A18
Risk factor: Vitamin A deficiency
Disease: All causes
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4.A19
Risk factor: Zinc deficiency
Disease: Diarrheal diseases
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4.A20
Risk factor: Zinc deficiency
Disease: Malaria
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4.A21
Risk factor: Zinc deficiency
Disease: Lower respiratory infections
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4.A22
Risk factor: Zinc deficiency
Disease: All causes
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4.A23
Risk factor: High blood pressure
Disease: Hypertensive heart disease
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4.A24
Risk factor: High blood pressure
Disease: Ischemic heart disease
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4.A25
Risk factor: High blood pressure
Disease: Cerebrovascular disease
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4.A26
Risk factor: High blood pressure
Disease: Selected other cardiovascular diseases
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4.A27
Risk factor: High blood pressure
Disease: All causes
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4.A28
Risk factor: High cholesterol
Disease: Ischemic heart disease
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4.A29
Risk factor: High cholesterol
Disease: Cerebrovascular disease
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4.A30
Risk factor: High cholesterol
Disease: All causes
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4.A31
Risk factor: Overweight and obesity
Disease: Colon and rectal cancers
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4.A32
Risk factor: Overweight and obesity
Disease: Breast cancer
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4.A33
Risk factor: Overweight and obesity
Disease: Corpus uteri cancer
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4.A34
Risk factor: Overweight and obesity
Disease: Diabetes mellitus
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4.A35
Risk factor: Overweight and obesity
Disease: Hypertensive heart disease
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4.A36
Risk factor: Overweight and obesity
Disease: Ischemic heart disease
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4.A37
Risk factor: Overweight and obesity
Disease: Cerebrovascular disease
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4.A38
Risk factor: Overweight and obesity
Disease: Osteoarthritis
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4.A39
Risk factor: Overweight and obesity
Disease: All causes
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4.A40
Risk factor: Low fruit and vegetable intake
Disease: Esophageal cancer
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4.A41
Risk factor: Low fruit and vegetable intake
Disease: Stomach cancer
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4.A42
Risk factor: Low fruit and vegetable intake
Disease: Colon and rectal cancers
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4.A43
Risk factor: Low fruit and vegetable intake
Disease: Trachea, bronchus, and lung cancers
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4.A44
Risk factor: Low fruit and vegetable intake
Disease: Ischemic heart disease
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4.A45
Risk factor: Low fruit and vegetable intake
Disease: Cerebrovascular disease
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4.A46
Risk factor: Low fruit and vegetable intake
Disease: All causes
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4.A47
Risk factor: Physical inactivity
Disease: Colon and rectal cancers
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4.A48
Risk factor: Physical inactivity
Disease: Breast cancer
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4.A49
Risk factor: Physical inactivity
Disease: Diabetes mellitus
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4.A50
Risk factor: Physical inactivity
Disease: Ischemic heart disease
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4.A51
Risk factor Physical inactivity
Disease: Cerebrovascular disease
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4.A52
Risk factor: Physical inactivity
Disease: All causes
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4.A53
Risk factor: Unsafe sex
Disease: Sexually transmitted diseases excluding HIV/AIDS
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4.A54
Risk factor: Unsafe sex
Disease: HIV/AIDS
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4.A55
Risk factor: Unsafe sex
Disease: Cervix uteri cancer
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4.A56
Risk factor: Unsafe sex
Disease: All causes
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4.A57
Risk factor: Alcohol use
Disease: Low birthweight
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4.A58
Risk factor: Alcohol use
Disease: Mouth and oropharynx cancers
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4.A59
Risk factor: Alcohol use
Disease: Esophageal cancer
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4.A60
Risk factor: Alcohol use
Disease: Liver cancer
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4.A61
Risk factor: Alcohol use
Disease: Breast cancer
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4.A62
Risk factor: Alcohol use
Disease: Selected other neoplasms
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4.A63
Risk factor: Alcohol use
Disease: Diabetes mellitus
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4.A64
Risk factor: Alcohol use
Disease: Unipolar depressive disorders
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4.A65
Risk factor: Alcohol use
Disease: Epilepsy
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4.A66
Risk factor: Alcohol use
Disease: Alcohol use disorders
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4.A67
Risk factor: Alcohol use
Disease: Hypertensive heart disease
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4.A68
Risk factor: Alcohol use
Disease: Ischemic heart disease
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4.A69
Risk factor: Alcohol use
Disease: Cerebrovascular disease
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4.A70
Risk factor: Alcohol use
Disease: Cirrhosis of the liver
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4.A71
Risk factor: Alcohol use
Disease: Road traffic accidents
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4.A72
Risk factor: Alcohol use
Disease: Poisonings
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4.A73
Risk factor: Alcohol use
Disease: Falls
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4.A74
Risk factor: Alcohol use
Disease: Drownings
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4.A75
Risk factor: Alcohol use
Disease: Other unintentional injuries
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4.A76
Risk factor: Alcohol use
Disease: Self-inflicted injuries
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4.A77
Risk factor: Alcohol use
Disease: Violence
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4.A78
Risk factor: Alcohol use
Disease: Other intentional injuries
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4.A79
Risk factor: Alcohol use
Disease: All causes
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4.A80
Risk factor: Illicit drug use
Disease: HIV/AIDS
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4.A81
Risk factor: Illicit drug use
Disease: Drug use disorders
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4.A82
Risk factor: Illicit drug use
Disease: Unintentional injuries
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4.A83
Risk factor: Illicit drug use
Disease: Self-inflicted injuries
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4.A84
Risk factor: Illicit drug use
Disease: All causes
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4.A85
Risk factor: Unsafe water, sanitation, and hygiene
Disease: Diarrheal diseases
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4.A86
Risk factor: Unsafe water, sanitation, and hygiene
Disease: All causes
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4.A87
Risk factor: Child sexual abuse
Disease: Unipolar depressive disorders
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4.A88
Risk factor: Child sexual abuse
Disease: Alcohol use disorders
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4.A89
Risk factor Child sexual abuse
Disease: Drug use disorders
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4.A90
Risk factor: Child sexual abuse
Disease: Post-traumatic stress disorder
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4.A91
Risk factor: Child sexual abuse
Disease: Panic disorder
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4.A92
Risk factor: Child sexual abuse
Disease: Self-inflicted injuries
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4.A93
Risk factor: Child sexual abuse
Disease: All causes
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4.A94
Risk factor: Indoor smoke from household use of solid fuels
Disease: Lower respiratory infections
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4.A95
Risk factor: Indoor smoke from household use of solid fuels
Disease: Trachea, bronchus, and lung cancers
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4.A96
Risk factor: Indoor smoke from household use of solid fuels
Disease: Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
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4.A97
Risk factor: Indoor smoke from household use of solid fuels
Disease: All causes
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4.A98
Risk factor: Contaminated injections in health care setting
Disease: HIV/AIDS
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4.A99
Risk factor: Contaminated injections in health care setting
Disease: Hepatitis B
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4.A100
Risk factor: Contaminated injections in health care setting
Disease: Hepatitis C
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4.A101
Risk factor: Contaminated injections in health care setting
Disease: Liver cancer
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4.A102
Risk factor: Contaminated injections in health care setting
Disease: Cirrhosis of the liver
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4.A103
Risk factor: Contaminated injections in health care setting
Disease: All causes
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4.A104
Risk factor: Urban air pollution
Disease: Respiratory infections
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4.A105
Risk factor: Urban air pollution
Disease: Trachea, bronchus, and lung cancers
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4.A106
Risk factor: Urban air pollution
Disease: Selected cardiopulmonary causes
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4.A107
Risk factor: Urban air pollution
Disease: All causes
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4.A108
Risk factor: Smoking
Disease: Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
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4.A109
Risk factor: Smoking
Disease: Trachea, bronchus, and lung cancers
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4.A110
Risk factor: Smoking
Disease: Liver cancer
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4.A111
Risk factor: Smoking
Disease: Cervix uteri cancer
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4.A112
Risk factor: Smoking
Disease: Bladder cancer
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4.A113
Risk factor: Smoking
Disease: Pancreas cancer
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4.A114
Risk factor: Smoking
Disease: Stomach cancer
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4.A115
Risk factor: Smoking
Disease: Upper aerodigestive cancer
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4.A116
Risk factor: Smoking
Disease: Leukemia
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4.A117
Risk factor: Smoking
Disease: Ischemic heart disease
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4.A118
Risk factor: Smoking
Disease: Selected other cardiovascular diseases
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4.A119
Risk factor: Smoking
Disease: Cerebrovascular disease
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4.A120
Risk factor: Smoking
Disease: Selected respiratory diseases
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4.A121
Risk factor: Smoking
Disease: Selected medical conditions
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4.A122
Risk factor: Smoking
Disease: All causes
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4.A123
Risk factor: Non-use and use of ineffective methods of contraception
Disease: Abortion
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4.A124
Risk factor: Non-use and use of ineffective methods of contraception
Disease: Maternal causes other than abortion
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4.A125
Risk factor: Non-use and use of ineffective methods of contraception
Disease: All causes
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