Noncommunicable Diseases

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Disease Control Priorities in Developing Countries (2nd Edition)

1. 1. Investing in Health
   1. The 20th Century Takeoff in Human Health
   2. Why Has Mortality Declined at Such Different Rates in Different Countries?
   3. HIV/AIDS
   4. Noncommunicable Disease and Injury
   5. Research and Development
   6. Annex 1.A: The Burden of Disease in 2001
   7. Acknowledgments
2. 2. Intervention Cost–Effectiveness: Overview of Main Messages
   1. Discussion
   2. Annex 2.A: Intervention Categories and Pertinent Policy Instruments
   3. Annex 2.C: Summary of other Interventions
3. 4. Priorities for Global Research and Development of Interventions
4. 5. Science and Technology for Disease Control: Past, Present, and Future
   1. Summary
5. 6. Product Development Priorities
6. 7. Economic Approaches to Valuing Global Health Research
   1. The Value of Health Research
7. 8. Improving the Health of Populations: Lessons of Experience
8. 10. Gender Differentials in Health
   1. Antecedents
   2. Gender Differentials in Disease Burdens
   3. Women's Excess Disease Burdens
   4. Priority Disease Groups for Women
   5. Cost-Effectiveness of Interventions
   6. Research Agenda
   7. Conclusions
9. 14. Ethical Issues in Resource Allocation, Research, and New Product Development
   1. Health Resource Allocation
10. 28. Stunting, Wasting, and Micronutrient Deficiency Disorders
    1. Economic Benefits of Intervention
11. 29. Health Service Interventions for Cancer Control in Developing Countries
    1. Burden of Cancer in Developing Countries
    2. Types of Interventions for Cancer Control
    3. Cost-Effectiveness of Cancer Control Interventions
    4. Applicability of Cost-Effectiveness Studies from Developed to Developing Countries
    5. Research Agenda
    6. Conclusions
    7. Acknowledgments
12. 30. Diabetes: The Pandemic and Potential Solutions
    1. Nature and Distribution of Diabetes
    2. Interventions and Delivery Modes
    3. Cost-Effectiveness of Interventions and Priorities
    4. Lessons and Experience
    5. Research and Development Agenda
    6. Conclusions
13. 31. Mental Disorders
    1. Mood Disorders
    2. Anxiety Disorders
    3. Cost-Effectiveness Methods and Results
    4. Conclusion: Public Support for a Cost-Effective Intervention Package
14. 32. Neurological Disorders
    1. Epilepsy
    2. Parkinson's Disease
    3. Stroke
    4. Cost-Effectiveness of Interventions in Developing Countries
    5. Recommendations
    6. Research and Development Agenda
    7. Missed Opportunities
    8. Acknowledgments
15. 33. Cardiovascular Disease
    1. Epidemiology of CVD
    2. Burden of Disease
    3. Cost-Effectiveness of Interventions
    4. Research and Development
    5. Conclusions: Pitfalls and Promises
16. 35. Respiratory Diseases of Adults
    1. Acute Diseases: Pneumonia and Influenza
    2. Chronic Respiratory Diseases: Nature, Causes, and Burden
    3. Occupational Lung Disease and Other Respiratory Diseases
    4. General Approach to Lowering Risk of Adult Respiratory Disease
    5. Future Research Needs
17. 36. Diseases of the Kidney and the Urinary System
    1. Causes and Characteristics of the Burden of Diseases
    2. Causes of Diseases of the Kidney and Urinary System
    3. Global Perspectives in Relation to RRT
    4. Implementation of Control Strategies: Lessons of Experience
    5. Research and Development Agenda
    6. Conclusions: Promises and Pitfalls
18. 37. Skin Diseases
19. 38. Oral and Craniofacial Diseases and Disorders
    1. Aspects of Treatment of Cavities and of Caries Disease
    2. Periodontal Diseases: Chronic Gingivitis and Chronic Periodontitis
    3. Oral Precancer and Cancer
    4. Oral Manifestations of HIV/AIDS
    5. Noma (Cancrum Oris)
    6. Developmental Disorders
    7. Fluorosis of Teeth
    8. Common-Risk-Factor Intervention Programs
    9. Research and Future Actions
    10. Cost-Effectiveness of Oral Health Care
    11. Conclusions
    12. Acknowledgments
20. 39. Unintentional Injuries
    1. Burden and Causes of Unintentional Injuries
    2. Interventions
    3. Costs, Cost-Effectiveness, and Economic Benefits of Intervention
    4. Implementation of Prevention and Control Strategies
    5. Research and Development Agenda
    6. Conclusions: Promises and Pitfalls
    7. Acknowledgments
21. 40. Interpersonal Violence
    1. Economic Impact of Violence
    2. Cost-Effectiveness of Interventions
22. 44. Prevention of Chronic Disease by Means of Diet and Lifestyle Changes
    1. Chronic Disease Prevention
    2. Interventions
    3. Cost-Effectiveness of Interventions
    4. Research and Development Priorities
    5. Conclusions
23. 45. The Growing Burden of Risk from High Blood Pressure, Cholesterol, and Bodyweight
    1. Epidemiology
    2. Burden of the Disease, Condition, or Risk Factor
    3. Interventions
    4. Cost-Effectiveness of Interventions
    5. Economic Benefits of Intervention
    6. Research and Development Agenda
    7. Conclusions
24. 46. Tobacco Addiction
    1. Health Consequences of Smoking
    2. Rationale for Government Intervention
    3. Interventions to Reduce Demand for Tobacco
25. 47. Alcohol
    1. Epidemiology of Alcohol Use and Alcohol-Related Disease Conditions
    2. Burden of Disease Related to High-Risk Alcohol Use
    3. Interventions for Reducing High-Risk Drinking
    4. Cost-Effectiveness of Interventions
    5. Economic Benefits of Interventions
    6. Implementation of Control Strategies: Lessons of Experience
26. 48. Illicit Opiate Abuse
27. 50. Loss of Vision and Hearing
28. 51. Cost–Effectiveness of Interventions for Musculoskeletal Conditions
    1. Burden of Musculoskeletal Disease
    2. Nature, Causes, and Epidemiology of Musculoskeletal Conditions
    3. Preventive Strategies
    4. Treatments
    5. Economic Issues
    6. Cost-Effectiveness of Interventions for OA
    7. Cost-Effectiveness of Interventions for RA
    8. Cost-Effectiveness of Interventions for Other Musculoskeletal Conditions
    9. Implementation of Control Strategies: Lessons of Experience
    10. Conclusions: Promises and Pitfalls
29. 52. Pain Control for People with Cancer and AIDS
    1. Burden of Pain from Cancer and AIDS
    2. Interventions for Pain Relief
    3. Implementation of Strategies to Improve Pain Control
    4. Recommendations for Research and Development
    5. Conclusions
30. 53. Public Health Surveillance: A Tool for Targeting and Monitoring Intervention
    1. Definitions and Basic Concepts
    2. Analysis and Dissemination of Surveillance Data
    3. Surveillance for Specific Conditions
    4. Future of Surveillance
    5. Research Agenda in Public Health Surveillance
31. 60. Occupational Health
    1. Nature and Causes of Occupational Health Conditions in the Developing World
    2. Global Burden of Disease from Occupational Health Risks
    3. Economic Aspects of Intervention
    4. Implementation
    5. Research Agenda
    6. Conclusions
32. 62. Control and Eradication
33. 67. Surgery
    1. Nature, Causes, and Burden of Surgical Conditions
    2. Interventions
    3. Research and Development Agenda
34. 68. Emergency Medical Services
    1. Conclusions: Promises and Pitfalls
    2. Definitions
    3. Burden of Disease
35. 69. Complementary and Alternative Medicine
    1. Demography, Use, Toxicity, and Efficacy
    2. Economics of Complementary and Alternative Medicine and Traditional Medicine
    3. Lessons Learned and Implementation
    4. The Research and Development Agenda

Global Burden of Disease and Risk Factors

1. 1. Measuring the Global Burden of Disease and Risk Factors, 1990—2001
2. 3. The Burden of Disease and Mortality by Condition: Data, Methods, and Results for 2001
   1. Quantifying the Global Burden of Disease
   2. Estimating Deaths by Cause: Methods and Data
   3. Global and Regional Mortality in 2001
   4. Burden of Disability and Poor Health in 2001
   5. Global Burden of Disease in 2001
   6. Discussion and Conclusions
3. 4. Comparative Quantification of Mortality and Burden of Disease Attributable to Selected Risk Factors
   1. Burden of Disease Attributable to Risk Factors
   2. Risk Factor Selection
   3. Burden of Disease Attributable to Individual Risk Factors
   4. Joint Effects of Multiple Risk Factors
   5. Burden of Disease Attributable to Multiple Risk Factors
   6. Directions for Future Research
   7. Discussion
4. 5. Sensitivity and Uncertainty Analyses for Burden of Disease and Risk Factor Estimates
   1. Discounting and Age Weighting in the DALY Measure
   2. Sensitivity of Burden of Disease and Injury Results to Variations in Key Parameter Values
   3. Sensitivity of Risk Factor Estimates to Variations in Key Parameter Values
   4. Uncertainty Analysis of the Global Burden of Disease Estimates
   5. Uncertainty Estimates for All-Cause Mortality and Life Expectancies
   6. Uncertainty Estimates for Regional Mortality by Cause
   7. Uncertainty in Disability Weights
   8. Uncertainty Arising from Epidemiological Estimates
   9. Uncertainty in the Disease Burden Attributable to Risk Factors
   10. Discussion
   11. Conclusions
   12. Acknowledgments
5. 6. Incorporating Deaths Near the Time of Birth into Estimates of the Global Burden of Disease
   1. The Burden of Disease Resulting from Events Near the Time of Birth

Priorities in Health

1. 3. Cost–Effectiveness Analysis
   1. Why Use Cost-Effectiveness Analysis?
   2. What Is Cost-Effectiveness Analysis?
   3. How Can Policy Makers Use Cost-Effectiveness Analysis?
2. 5. Cost–Effective Strategies for Noncommunicable Diseases, Risk Factors, and Behaviors
   1. Cardiovascular Disease, Diabetes, High Blood Pressure, Cholesterol, and Bodyweight
   2. Cancer
   3. Unintentional Injuries
   4. Tobacco Use
   5. Alcohol Abuse
   6. Mental Health
   7. Conclusion
3. 8. The Way Forward: A Blueprint for Action

Chapter Presentations

Chapter 01. Investing in Health

1. The Burden of Disease, 2001
2. Preventing and Treating Noncommunicable Diseases: How much health will a million dollars buy?
3. Causes of Death, 2001

Chapter 04. Priorities for Global Research and Development of Interventions

1. Disease Burden Distribution, by Select World Bank Region, 2001
2. Disease Burden Distribution, by Select World Bank Region, 2001

Chapter 47. Alcohol

1. Prevalence of High-Risk Drinking, By Gender, Age, and Region, 2000