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Contributing and Risk Factors
The burden of disease and injury in developing countries is exacerbated by a range of contributing and risk factors. These include poor water sanitation and hygiene; indoor and outdoor air pollution; diets high in saturated fats and salt; abuse of tobacco, alcohol, or illicit drugs; inadequate workplace safety and industrial hygiene; and the absence of vehicle and driving safety measures and programs.
The full demands that the resulting diseases and conditions will place on the health systems of developing countries has not yet been experienced. Low- and middle-income countries cannot afford to wait to address the risk factors for diseases. These consequences, which already account for a substantial share of the disease burden in most countries, are likely to increase further. Strong and functioning health care systems will greatly facilitate initiatives to promote prevention, care and treatment, and research.
The full demands that the resulting diseases and conditions will place on the health systems of developing countries has not yet been experienced. Low- and middle-income countries cannot afford to wait to address the risk factors for diseases. These consequences, which already account for a substantial share of the disease burden in most countries, are likely to increase further. Strong and functioning health care systems will greatly facilitate initiatives to promote prevention, care and treatment, and research.
Sub-topics
Find more specific references for the following sub-topic(s):Publications
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Disease Control Priorities in Developing Countries (2nd Edition)
- 1. Investing in Health
- 2. Intervention Cost–Effectiveness: Overview of Main Messages
- 4. Priorities for Global Research and Development of Interventions
- 5. Science and Technology for Disease Control: Past, Present, and Future
- 7. Economic Approaches to Valuing Global Health Research
- 8. Improving the Health of Populations: Lessons of Experience
- 9. Millennium Development Goals for Health: What Will It Take to Accelerate Progress?
- 10. Gender Differentials in Health
- 11. Fiscal Policies for Health Promotion and Disease Prevention
- 12. Financing Health Systems in the 21st Century
- 13. Recent Trends and Innovations in Development Assistance for Health
- 15. Cost–Effectiveness Analysis for Priority Setting
- 16. Tuberculosis
- 17. Sexually Transmitted Infections
- 18. HIV/AIDS Prevention and Treatment
- 19. Diarrheal Diseases
- 21. Conquering Malaria
- 22. Tropical Diseases Targeted for Elimination: Chagas Disease, Lymphatic Filariasis, Onchocerciasis, and Leprosy
- 23. Tropical Diseases Lacking Adequate Control Measures: Dengue, Leishmaniasis, and African Trypanosomiasis
- 24. Helminth Infections: Soil–Transmitted Helminth Infections and Schistosomiasis
- 26. Maternal and Perinatal Conditions
- 27. Newborn Survival
- 28. Stunting, Wasting, and Micronutrient Deficiency Disorders
- 29. Health Service Interventions for Cancer Control in Developing Countries
- 30. Diabetes: The Pandemic and Potential Solutions
- 31. Mental Disorders
- 32. Neurological Disorders
- 33. Cardiovascular Disease
- 35. Respiratory Diseases of Adults
- 38. Oral and Craniofacial Diseases and Disorders
- 39. Unintentional Injuries
- 40. Interpersonal Violence
- 41. Water Supply, Sanitation, and Hygiene Promotion
- 42. Indoor Air Pollution
- 43. Air and Water Pollution: Burden and Strategies for Control
- 44. Prevention of Chronic Disease by Means of Diet and Lifestyle Changes
- 45. The Growing Burden of Risk from High Blood Pressure, Cholesterol, and Bodyweight
- 46. Tobacco Addiction
- 47. Alcohol
- 48. Illicit Opiate Abuse
- 49. Learning and Developmental Disabilities
- 50. Loss of Vision and Hearing
- 51. Cost–Effectiveness of Interventions for Musculoskeletal Conditions
- 53. Public Health Surveillance: A Tool for Targeting and Monitoring Intervention
- 55. Drug Resistance
- 56. Community Health and Nutrition Programs
- 57. Contraception
- 58. School–Based Health and Nutrition Programs
- 59. Adolescent Health Programs
- 60. Occupational Health
- 61. Natural Disaster Mitigation and Relief
- 62. Control and Eradication
- 63. Integrated Management of the Sick Child
- 64. General Primary Care
- 65. The District Hospital
- 67. Surgery
- 72. Ensuring Supplies of Appropriate Drugs and Vaccines
Global Burden of Disease and Risk Factors
- 1. Measuring the Global Burden of Disease and Risk Factors, 1990—2001
- 2. Demographic and Epidemiological Characteristics of Major Regions, 1990—2001
- 3. The Burden of Disease and Mortality by Condition: Data, Methods, and Results for 2001
- 4. Comparative Quantification of Mortality and Burden of Disease Attributable to Selected Risk Factors
- 5. Sensitivity and Uncertainty Analyses for Burden of Disease and Risk Factor Estimates
- 6. Incorporating Deaths Near the Time of Birth into Estimates of the Global Burden of Disease
Priorities in Health
- 1. Accomplishments, Challenges, and Priorities
- 2. Success in Addressing Priorities
- 3. Cost–Effectiveness Analysis
- 4. Cost–Effective Strategies for the Excess Burden of Disease in Developing Countries
- 5. Cost–Effective Strategies for Noncommunicable Diseases, Risk Factors, and Behaviors
- 6. Providing Interventions
- 7. Pillars of the Health System
- 8. The Way Forward: A Blueprint for Action
Presentations
Chapter 45. The Growing Burden of Risk from High Blood Pressure, Cholesterol, and Bodyweight
- Deaths Attributable to High Blood Pressure, Cholesterol, and Overweight, 2000
- DALYs Attributable to High Blood Pressure, Cholesterol, and Overweight, 2000
- Global Cardiovascular Disease Burden Due to High Blood Pressure, Cholesterol, and Overweight
Chapter 56. Community Health and Nutrition Programs
- Estimated Contributions of Malnutrition to the Disease Burden in Developing Countries
- Conceptual Framework for Causes of Malnutrition
Chapter 28. Stunting, Wasting, and Micronutrient Deficiency Disorders
- Vitamin A Deficiency Among Children Under Age Five, By Region
- Zinc Deficiency Among Children Under Age Five, By Region
- Iron Deficiency Anemia Among Children Under Age Five, By Region
- Percent of Underweight Children Under Age Five, By Region
- Childhood Deaths and DALYs Attributable to Being Underweight, By Region
- Iodine Deficiency Among Children Under Age Five, By Region
- Cost-effectiveness of Nutrition Interventions for Underweight Children
- Cost-effectiveness of Nutrition Interventions for Vitamin A Deficiency in Children
- Cost-effectiveness of Nutrition Interventions for Iron, Iodine, and Zinc Deficiency in Children
Chapter 60. Occupational Health
- Estimated Average Cost-Effectiveness of Interventions for Reducing Risk of Silicosis
- Estimated Contribution of Occupational Exposures to Selected Diseases and Conditions
- Impact of an Immunization Safety Program at Health Centers in Burkina Faso, 2000 and 2003
- Impact of an Occupational Safety and Health Toolkit Used in Central America, 2002 and 2003
Chapter 41. Water Supply, Sanitation, and Hygiene Promotion
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