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Contributing and Risk Factors
The burden of disease and injury in developing countries is exacerbated by a range of contributing and risk factors. These include poor water sanitation and hygiene; indoor and outdoor air pollution; diets high in saturated fats and salt; abuse of tobacco, alcohol, or illicit drugs; inadequate workplace safety and industrial hygiene; and the absence of vehicle and driving safety measures and programs.
The full demands that the resulting diseases and conditions will place on the health systems of developing countries has not yet been experienced. Low- and middle-income countries cannot afford to wait to address the risk factors for diseases. These consequences, which already account for a substantial share of the disease burden in most countries, are likely to increase further. Strong and functioning health care systems will greatly facilitate initiatives to promote prevention, care and treatment, and research.
The full demands that the resulting diseases and conditions will place on the health systems of developing countries has not yet been experienced. Low- and middle-income countries cannot afford to wait to address the risk factors for diseases. These consequences, which already account for a substantial share of the disease burden in most countries, are likely to increase further. Strong and functioning health care systems will greatly facilitate initiatives to promote prevention, care and treatment, and research.
Sub-topics
Find more specific references for the following sub-topic(s):Publications
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Disease Control Priorities in Developing Countries (2nd Edition)
- 59. Adolescent Health Programs
- 43. Air and Water Pollution: Burden and Strategies for Control
- 47. Alcohol
- 33. Cardiovascular Disease
- 56. Community Health and Nutrition Programs
- 21. Conquering Malaria
- 57. Contraception
- 62. Control and Eradication
- 15. Cost–Effectiveness Analysis for Priority Setting
- 51. Cost–Effectiveness of Interventions for Musculoskeletal Conditions
- 30. Diabetes: The Pandemic and Potential Solutions
- 19. Diarrheal Diseases
- 55. Drug Resistance
- 7. Economic Approaches to Valuing Global Health Research
- 72. Ensuring Supplies of Appropriate Drugs and Vaccines
- 12. Financing Health Systems in the 21st Century
- 11. Fiscal Policies for Health Promotion and Disease Prevention
- 10. Gender Differentials in Health
- 64. General Primary Care
- 29. Health Service Interventions for Cancer Control in Developing Countries
- 24. Helminth Infections: Soil–Transmitted Helminth Infections and Schistosomiasis
- 18. HIV/AIDS Prevention and Treatment
- 48. Illicit Opiate Abuse
- 8. Improving the Health of Populations: Lessons of Experience
- 42. Indoor Air Pollution
- 63. Integrated Management of the Sick Child
- 40. Interpersonal Violence
- 2. Intervention Cost–Effectiveness: Overview of Main Messages
- 1. Investing in Health
- 49. Learning and Developmental Disabilities
- 50. Loss of Vision and Hearing
- 26. Maternal and Perinatal Conditions
- 31. Mental Disorders
- 9. Millennium Development Goals for Health: What Will It Take to Accelerate Progress?
- 61. Natural Disaster Mitigation and Relief
- 32. Neurological Disorders
- 27. Newborn Survival
- 60. Occupational Health
- 38. Oral and Craniofacial Diseases and Disorders
- 44. Prevention of Chronic Disease by Means of Diet and Lifestyle Changes
- 4. Priorities for Global Research and Development of Interventions
- 53. Public Health Surveillance: A Tool for Targeting and Monitoring Intervention
- 13. Recent Trends and Innovations in Development Assistance for Health
- 35. Respiratory Diseases of Adults
- 58. School–Based Health and Nutrition Programs
- 5. Science and Technology for Disease Control: Past, Present, and Future
- 17. Sexually Transmitted Infections
- 28. Stunting, Wasting, and Micronutrient Deficiency Disorders
- 67. Surgery
- 65. The District Hospital
- 45. The Growing Burden of Risk from High Blood Pressure, Cholesterol, and Bodyweight
- 46. Tobacco Addiction
- 23. Tropical Diseases Lacking Adequate Control Measures: Dengue, Leishmaniasis, and African Trypanosomiasis
- 22. Tropical Diseases Targeted for Elimination: Chagas Disease, Lymphatic Filariasis, Onchocerciasis, and Leprosy
- 16. Tuberculosis
- 39. Unintentional Injuries
- 41. Water Supply, Sanitation, and Hygiene Promotion
Global Burden of Disease and Risk Factors
- 4. Comparative Quantification of Mortality and Burden of Disease Attributable to Selected Risk Factors
- 2. Demographic and Epidemiological Characteristics of Major Regions, 1990—2001
- 6. Incorporating Deaths Near the Time of Birth into Estimates of the Global Burden of Disease
- 1. Measuring the Global Burden of Disease and Risk Factors, 1990—2001
- 5. Sensitivity and Uncertainty Analyses for Burden of Disease and Risk Factor Estimates
- 3. The Burden of Disease and Mortality by Condition: Data, Methods, and Results for 2001
Priorities in Health
- 1. Accomplishments, Challenges, and Priorities
- 5. Cost–Effective Strategies for Noncommunicable Diseases, Risk Factors, and Behaviors
- 4. Cost–Effective Strategies for the Excess Burden of Disease in Developing Countries
- 3. Cost–Effectiveness Analysis
- 7. Pillars of the Health System
- 6. Providing Interventions
- 2. Success in Addressing Priorities
- 8. The Way Forward: A Blueprint for Action
Chapter Presentations
Chapter 45. The Growing Burden of Risk from High Blood Pressure, Cholesterol, and Bodyweight
- Deaths Attributable to High Blood Pressure, Cholesterol, and Overweight, 2000
- DALYs Attributable to High Blood Pressure, Cholesterol, and Overweight, 2000
- Global Cardiovascular Disease Burden Due to High Blood Pressure, Cholesterol, and Overweight
Chapter 56. Community Health and Nutrition Programs
- Estimated Contributions of Malnutrition to the Disease Burden in Developing Countries
- Conceptual Framework for Causes of Malnutrition
Chapter 28. Stunting, Wasting, and Micronutrient Deficiency Disorders
- Vitamin A Deficiency Among Children Under Age Five, By Region
- Zinc Deficiency Among Children Under Age Five, By Region
- Iron Deficiency Anemia Among Children Under Age Five, By Region
- Percent of Underweight Children Under Age Five, By Region
- Childhood Deaths and DALYs Attributable to Being Underweight, By Region
- Iodine Deficiency Among Children Under Age Five, By Region
- Cost-effectiveness of Nutrition Interventions for Underweight Children
- Cost-effectiveness of Nutrition Interventions for Vitamin A Deficiency in Children
- Cost-effectiveness of Nutrition Interventions for Iron, Iodine, and Zinc Deficiency in Children
Chapter 60. Occupational Health
- Estimated Average Cost-Effectiveness of Interventions for Reducing Risk of Silicosis
- Estimated Contribution of Occupational Exposures to Selected Diseases and Conditions
- Impact of an Immunization Safety Program at Health Centers in Burkina Faso, 2000 and 2003
- Impact of an Occupational Safety and Health Toolkit Used in Central America, 2002 and 2003
Chapter 41. Water Supply, Sanitation, and Hygiene Promotion
Conference and Workshop Presentations
- Oct 2007, Adolescent Health Behavior, Washington, DC, USA (PDF | 2.4MB)
- Jul 2006, Malaria: The Peril And The Promise, Arusha, Tanzania (PDF | 892.3k)
- May 2007, New evidence for conquering malaria: Operations, Costs and Cost-Effectiveness, Washington, DC, USA (PDF | 220.5k)
- Nov 2007, Noncommunicable Disease in the Disease Control Priorities Project, Washington, DC, USA (PDF | 325.2k)
- Oct 2007, Priority Interventions for Meeting the Challenge of Injuries, Moscow, Russian Federation (PDF | 300.6k)
- Aug 2007, The How and Why of Cost-Effectiveness Analysis (CEA) in Disease Control Priorities in Developing Countries, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania (PDF | 672.6k)
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