Surveillance

Publications

click to view chapters and sections

Disease Control Priorities in Developing Countries (2nd Edition)

1. 25. Acute Respiratory Infections in Children
   1. Implementation of ARI Control Strategies: Lessons of Experience
   2. Interventions
   3. Research and Development Agenda
2. 43. Air and Water Pollution: Burden and Strategies for Control
   1. Conclusion: Promises and Pitfalls
   2. Economic Benefits of Interventions
   3. Implementation of Control Strategies: Lessons of Experience
   4. Intervention Costs and Cost-Effectiveness
   5. Nature, Causes, and Burden of Air and Water Pollution
   6. Research and Development Agenda
3. 33. Cardiovascular Disease
   1. Burden of Disease
   2. Cost-Effectiveness of Interventions
   3. Epidemiology of CVD
   4. Research and Development
4. 56. Community Health and Nutrition Programs
5. 15. Cost–Effectiveness Analysis for Priority Setting
6. 30. Diabetes: The Pandemic and Potential Solutions
   1. Cost-Effectiveness of Interventions and Priorities
   2. Lessons and Experience
7. 19. Diarrheal Diseases
   1. Preventive Strategies
   2. Public Health Significance of Diarrheal Illnesses
8. 36. Diseases of the Kidney and the Urinary System
   1. Global Perspectives in Relation to RRT
9. 55. Drug Resistance
   1. Agenda for Action
   2. Interventions
   3. Risk Factors
10. 68. Emergency Medical Services
    1. Interventions for Emergency Care: Systems, Structures, and Organization
11. 72. Ensuring Supplies of Appropriate Drugs and Vaccines
    1. Selection of Drugs
    2. Storage and Distribution of Essential Drugs and Vaccines
12. 14. Ethical Issues in Resource Allocation, Research, and New Product Development
    1. Ethics in Research and New Product Development
    2. Health Resource Allocation
13. 12. Financing Health Systems in the 21st Century
    1. Health Financing Systems
14. 10. Gender Differentials in Health
15. 29. Health Service Interventions for Cancer Control in Developing Countries
    1. Acknowledgments
    2. Applicability of Cost-Effectiveness Studies from Developed to Developing Countries
    3. Burden of Cancer in Developing Countries
    4. Conclusions
    5. Cost-Effectiveness of Cancer Control Interventions
    6. Research Agenda
    7. Types of Interventions for Cancer Control
16. 71. Health Workers: Building and Motivating the Workforce
    1. Health Worker Incentives
17. 24. Helminth Infections: Soil–Transmitted Helminth Infections and Schistosomiasis
    1. Averted, Avertable, and Nonavertable Burden
    2. Burden of the Disease
    3. Conclusions: Promises and Pitfalls
    4. Cost-Effectiveness Analysis of Interventions
    5. Economic Benefits of Intervention
    6. Epidemiology of STH Infections and Schistosomiasis
    7. Implementation of Control Strategies: Lessons of Experience
    8. Research and Development
18. 18. HIV/AIDS Prevention and Treatment
    1. Action under Uncertainty
    2. Care and Treatment
    3. Obstacles to HIV Control
    4. Prevention in Theory and Practice: Using Epidemic Profiles and Contextual Factors to Inform Prevention Guidelines
    5. Research Agenda
19. 48. Illicit Opiate Abuse
    1. Annex 48.A: Prevalence of Use, Adverse Health Effects of and Interventions for Cannabis, Cocaine, Amphetamines, and MDMA Use and Dependence
    2. Interventions for Illicit Opioid Dependence
20. 8. Improving the Health of Populations: Lessons of Experience
    1. Cases
    2. General Findings
    3. Intervention Type, Programmatic Characteristics, and Policies
21. 70. Improving the Quality of Care in Developing Countries
    1. Policy Interventions to Improve Quality
    2. Research Agenda on Quality
22. 54. Information to Improve Decision Making for Health
    1. Benefits, Costs, and Cost-Effectiveness of Improved Information
    2. Introduction
    3. Systems and Supply of Health Information
23. 63. Integrated Management of the Sick Child
24. 40. Interpersonal Violence
    1. Conclusions: Promises and Pitfalls
    2. Implementation of Prevention Strategies
    3. Interventions
    4. The Nature, Burden, and Causes of Interpersonal Violence
25. 2. Intervention Cost–Effectiveness: Overview of Main Messages
    1. Assessing the Evidence on the Cost-Effectiveness of Interventions
26. 1. Investing in Health
    1. Annex 1.A: The Burden of Disease in 2001
    2. Conclusions
    3. Health System Development and Finance
27. 49. Learning and Developmental Disabilities
    1. Interventions in Low- and Middle-Income Countries
28. 26. Maternal and Perinatal Conditions
    1. Epidemiology of Maternal and Perinatal Conditions
29. 31. Mental Disorders
    1. Anxiety Disorders
    2. Cost-Effectiveness Methods and Results
    3. Mood Disorders
    4. Schizophrenia and Nonaffective Psychoses
30. 9. Millennium Development Goals for Health: What Will It Take to Accelerate Progress?
    1. What Do Countries Need To Do?
31. 61. Natural Disaster Mitigation and Relief
    1. Conclusions
    2. Disasters as a Public Health Condition
    3. Implementation of Control Strategies: Lessons of Experience and Challenges Faced
    4. Intervention Cost, Cost-Effectiveness, and Economic Benefits
    5. Interventions: From Response to Prevention
    6. The Research and Development Agenda
32. 27. Newborn Survival
    1. Neonatal Deaths
33. 60. Occupational Health
    1. Economic Aspects of Intervention
    2. Implementation
    3. Interventions
    4. Research Agenda
34. 44. Prevention of Chronic Disease by Means of Diet and Lifestyle Changes
    1. Chronic Disease Prevention
35. 4. Priorities for Global Research and Development of Interventions
    1. Needs, Context, Opportunities, and Major Challenges
    2. Priority Setting
36. 6. Product Development Priorities
    1. Intellectual Property
    2. Regulatory and Liability Issues
37. 53. Public Health Surveillance: A Tool for Targeting and Monitoring Intervention
    1. Acknowledgments
    2. Analysis and Dissemination of Surveillance Data
    3. Conclusion
    4. Definitions and Basic Concepts
    5. Economics of Public Health Surveillance Systems
    6. Establishing and Maintaining a Surveillance System
    7. Future of Surveillance
    8. Global Surveillance Networks
    9. Objectives of Surveillance Systems
    10. Principles and Uses of Surveillance
    11. Research Agenda in Public Health Surveillance
    12. Selected Surveillance Strategies
    13. Surveillance as a Component of National Public Health Systems
    14. Surveillance as a Tool to Improve Public Health
    15. Surveillance for Specific Conditions
    16. The Role of Surveillance in Major Outbreaks
38. 13. Recent Trends and Innovations in Development Assistance for Health
    1. Making Development Assistance for Health More Effective: Lessons Learned
39. 35. Respiratory Diseases of Adults
    1. Acute Diseases: Pneumonia and Influenza
40. 5. Science and Technology for Disease Control: Past, Present, and Future
    1. Medicine before the 20th Century
    2. Science, Technology, and Medicine in the 20th Century
    3. Science, Technology, and Medicine in the Future
    4. Summary
41. 17. Sexually Transmitted Infections
    1. Bacterial and Viral STIs and Their Sequelae
    2. Effectiveness of the Principal Interventions
    3. Introduction
    4. Research and Development Agenda
    5. Scaling Up Control Strategies
42. 37. Skin Diseases
    1. Current Status of Community Control Measures in Dermatology
    2. Skin Diseases
43. 3. Strengthening Health Systems
    1. Assessment of Approaches to Strengthen Health System Capacity
    2. History and Current Themes
44. 67. Surgery
    1. Conclusions
45. 65. The District Hospital
    1. Factors Influencing District Hospitals' Performance
46. 45. The Growing Burden of Risk from High Blood Pressure, Cholesterol, and Bodyweight
47. 46. Tobacco Addiction
    1. Comprehensive Tobacco-Control Programs
    2. Conclusion
    3. Constraints to Effective Tobacco-Control Policies
    4. Effectiveness and Cost-Effectiveness of Tobacco-Control Interventions
    5. Health Consequences of Smoking
    6. Interventions to Reduce Demand for Tobacco
    7. Interventions to Reduce the Supply of Tobacco
    8. Rationale for Government Intervention
    9. Smoking Trends
48. 23. Tropical Diseases Lacking Adequate Control Measures: Dengue, Leishmaniasis, and African Trypanosomiasis
    1. Costs and Cost-Effectiveness of Interventions
    2. Disease Burden
    3. Disease Characteristics and Transmission
    4. Management and Control Strategies
    5. Problems and Challenges for Disease Control
    6. Summary
49. 22. Tropical Diseases Targeted for Elimination: Chagas Disease, Lymphatic Filariasis, Onchocerciasis, and Leprosy
    1. Conclusion
    2. Costs and Cost-Effectiveness of Interventions
    3. Disease Burden
    4. Interventions and Their Effectiveness
    5. Research Needs and Priorities
50. 16. Tuberculosis
    1. Alternative and Complementary Approaches to the Diagnosis and Treatment of Active Disease
    2. Conclusions
    3. Cost-Effectiveness of Interventions against Tuberculosis
    4. Epidemiological Burden and Trends
    5. Interventions against Tuberculosis
    6. Research and Development
    7. Summary of Cost-Effectiveness Analyses
51. 39. Unintentional Injuries
    1. Burden and Causes of Unintentional Injuries
    2. Costs, Cost-Effectiveness, and Economic Benefits of Intervention
    3. Implementation of Prevention and Control Strategies
    4. Interventions
52. 20. Vaccine–Preventable Diseases
    1. Causes and Epidemiology of Diseases Prevented by Vaccines Used in National Immunization Programs
    2. Conclusions
53. 41. Water Supply, Sanitation, and Hygiene Promotion
    1. Water Supply

Global Burden of Disease and Risk Factors

1. 4. Comparative Quantification of Mortality and Burden of Disease Attributable to Selected Risk Factors
   1. Joint Effects of Multiple Risk Factors
2. 2. Demographic and Epidemiological Characteristics of Major Regions, 1990—2001
   1. Changes in Mortality, 1990–2001
   2. Conclusions
   3. Discussion
   4. Regional Demographic Characteristics
3. 1. Measuring the Global Burden of Disease and Risk Factors, 1990—2001
   1. Applications of Burden of Disease Analysis
   2. Conclusions
   3. Improving the Comparative Quantification of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors: The 2001 GBD Study
4. 5. Sensitivity and Uncertainty Analyses for Burden of Disease and Risk Factor Estimates
   1. Conclusions
   2. Discussion
   3. Uncertainty Analysis of the Global Burden of Disease Estimates
   4. Uncertainty Arising from Epidemiological Estimates
   5. Uncertainty in the Disease Burden Attributable to Risk Factors
5. 3. The Burden of Disease and Mortality by Condition: Data, Methods, and Results for 2001
   1. Discussion and Conclusions
   2. Estimating Deaths by Cause: Methods and Data
   3. Estimating Incidence, Prevalence, and YLD: Methods and Data

Priorities in Health

1. 1. Accomplishments, Challenges, and Priorities
   1. Accounting for Health Gains
   2. Putting DCP2 to Use
2. 4. Cost–Effective Strategies for the Excess Burden of Disease in Developing Countries
   1. Infectious and Communicable Diseases
3. 3. Cost–Effectiveness Analysis
4. 7. Pillars of the Health System
   1. Financing
   2. Information, Surveillance, and Research
5. 6. Providing Interventions
   1. Cross-Level Services and Inputs
   2. Levels of Care
6. 2. Success in Addressing Priorities
   1. Conclusion
   2. Successes Despite Weak Health Systems
   3. Successes That Strengthened Weak Health Systems