Maternal and Neonatal Health

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Disease Control Priorities in Developing Countries (2nd Edition)

1. 1. Investing in Health
   1. The Economic Benefits of Better Health
   2. Child Health
2. 2. Intervention Cost–Effectiveness: Overview of Main Messages
   1. Assessing the Evidence on the Cost-Effectiveness of Interventions
3. 3. Strengthening Health Systems
4. 4. Priorities for Global Research and Development of Interventions
   1. Needs, Context, Opportunities, and Major Challenges
5. 5. Science and Technology for Disease Control: Past, Present, and Future
   1. Science, Technology, and Medicine in the 20th Century
   2. Science, Technology, and Medicine in the Future
6. 8. Improving the Health of Populations: Lessons of Experience
   1. Cases
   2. Intervention Type, Programmatic Characteristics, and Policies
7. 9. Millennium Development Goals for Health: What Will It Take to Accelerate Progress?
   1. Scaling Up: Defining Interventions and Removing Constraints
   2. What Do Countries Need To Do?
8. 10. Gender Differentials in Health
   1. Antecedents
   2. Priority Disease Groups for Women
   3. Cost-Effectiveness of Interventions
9. 11. Fiscal Policies for Health Promotion and Disease Prevention
10. 13. Recent Trends and Innovations in Development Assistance for Health
    1. Trends and Gaps in Development Assistance for Health
    2. Recent Innovations to Improve the Effectiveness of Development Assistance for Health
11. 15. Cost–Effectiveness Analysis for Priority Setting
    1. Definition and Characteristics of Interventions
12. 16. Tuberculosis
13. 17. Sexually Transmitted Infections
    1. Introduction
    2. Bacterial and Viral STIs and Their Sequelae
    3. Effectiveness of the Principal Interventions
14. 18. HIV/AIDS Prevention and Treatment
    1. Action under Uncertainty
    2. Prevention in Theory and Practice: Using Epidemic Profiles and Contextual Factors to Inform Prevention Guidelines
15. 19. Diarrheal Diseases
    1. Public Health Significance of Diarrheal Illnesses
    2. Preventive Strategies
16. 20. Vaccine–Preventable Diseases
    1. Causes and Epidemiology of Diseases Prevented by Vaccines Used in National Immunization Programs
17. 21. Conquering Malaria
    1. Burden of Disease
    2. Interventions and Their Effectiveness
    3. Economics of Malaria Control Interventions
18. 24. Helminth Infections: Soil–Transmitted Helminth Infections and Schistosomiasis
    1. Cost-Effectiveness Analysis of Interventions
19. 25. Acute Respiratory Infections in Children
    1. Causes of ARIs and the Burden of Disease
    2. Interventions
    3. Implementation of ARI Control Strategies: Lessons of Experience
20. 26. Maternal and Perinatal Conditions
    1. Epidemiology of Maternal and Perinatal Conditions
    2. Interventions
    3. Cost-Effectiveness of Selected Intervention Packages
    4. Economic Benefits of Intervention
    5. Lessons for Implementation
    6. Research and Development Needs
    7. Conclusions
    8. Annex 26.A: CEA Model Assumptions
    9. Acknowledgments
21. 27. Newborn Survival
    1. Neonatal Deaths
    2. Interventions
    3. Marginal Impact and Cost of Scaling Up Universal Neonatal Packages
    4. Implementation
    5. Research Priorities
    6. Conclusions
    7. Acknowledgments
22. 28. Stunting, Wasting, and Micronutrient Deficiency Disorders
    1. Interventions
23. 30. Diabetes: The Pandemic and Potential Solutions
24. 32. Neurological Disorders
    1. Epilepsy
25. 34. Inherited Disorders of Hemoglobin
    1. Introduction
    2. Burden of Disease
    3. Control and Treatment
    4. Costs and Effectiveness of Diagnosis and Management
    5. Options for Control and Management of Inherited Hemoglobin Disorders
26. 36. Diseases of the Kidney and the Urinary System
27. 38. Oral and Craniofacial Diseases and Disorders
    1. Developmental Disorders
28. 42. Indoor Air Pollution
29. 43. Air and Water Pollution: Burden and Strategies for Control
30. 47. Alcohol
31. 48. Illicit Opiate Abuse
    1. Annex 48.A: Prevalence of Use, Adverse Health Effects of and Interventions for Cannabis, Cocaine, Amphetamines, and MDMA Use and Dependence
32. 49. Learning and Developmental Disabilities
    1. Interventions in Low- and Middle-Income Countries
    2. Research Agenda for Prevention of Disabilities in Low- and Middle-Income Countries
    3. Summary
33. 50. Loss of Vision and Hearing
    1. Nature, Causes, and Epidemiology of Hearing Loss
34. 56. Community Health and Nutrition Programs
    1. Community-Based Programs—What Are They?
35. 57. Contraception
    1. Nature, Causes, and Burden of the Conditions That Can Be Addressed
    2. Interventions
    3. Intervention Cost and Cost-Effectiveness
    4. Research and Development Agenda
36. 62. Control and Eradication
37. 63. Integrated Management of the Sick Child
38. 64. General Primary Care
39. 65. The District Hospital
40. 68. Emergency Medical Services
    1. Interventions for Emergency Care: Systems, Structures, and Organization
    2. Definitions
41. 71. Health Workers: Building and Motivating the Workforce

Global Burden of Disease and Risk Factors

1. 1. Measuring the Global Burden of Disease and Risk Factors, 1990—2001
   1. Major Findings of the 2001 GBD Study
2. 3. The Burden of Disease and Mortality by Condition: Data, Methods, and Results for 2001
   1. Estimating Deaths by Cause: Methods and Data
   2. Global and Regional Mortality in 2001
   3. Estimating Incidence, Prevalence, and YLD: Methods and Data
3. 4. Comparative Quantification of Mortality and Burden of Disease Attributable to Selected Risk Factors
   1. Burden of Disease Attributable to Individual Risk Factors
4. 5. Sensitivity and Uncertainty Analyses for Burden of Disease and Risk Factor Estimates
   1. Sensitivity of Burden of Disease and Injury Results to Variations in Key Parameter Values
5. 6. Incorporating Deaths Near the Time of Birth into Estimates of the Global Burden of Disease
   1. Stillbirths and Neonatal Mortality in the Context of the Global Burden Of Disease
   2. The Burden of Disease Resulting from Events Near the Time of Birth
   3. Conclusions
   4. Annex 6A: Flexible Functional Forms for the Acquisition of Life Potential
   5. Annex 6C: Causes of Neonatal Mortality: Comparison of Numbers from the Global Burden of Disease with those from the Child Health Epidemiology Reference Group
   6. Acknowledgments

Priorities in Health

1. 1. Accomplishments, Challenges, and Priorities
   1. Accounting for Health Gains
   2. Equity
2. 2. Success in Addressing Priorities
   1. Cost-Effective Interventions Aimed at Building Health Systems
   2. Cost-Effective Interventions That Furthered Existing Health Systems
3. 3. Cost–Effectiveness Analysis
4. 4. Cost–Effective Strategies for the Excess Burden of Disease in Developing Countries
   1. Infectious and Communicable Diseases
   2. Maternal and Neonatal Health
5. 5. Cost–Effective Strategies for Noncommunicable Diseases, Risk Factors, and Behaviors
   1. Congenital and Developmental Disorders
6. 6. Providing Interventions
   1. Levels of Care
   2. Integration of Services Across the Life Cycle
7. 7. Pillars of the Health System
8. 8. The Way Forward: A Blueprint for Action

Chapter Presentations

Chapter 01. Investing in Health

1. The Burden of Disease, 2001
2. Causes of Death, 2001

Chapter 02. Intervention Cost-Effectiveness: Overview of Main Messages

1. Neglected Low-Cost Opportunities in Sub-Saharan Africa: HIV/AIDS and Maternal and Neonatal Care
2. Neglected Low-Cost Opportunities in South Asia: Childhood Immunization, Lower Acute Respiratory Illness, and Maternal and Neonatal Care

Chapter 04. Priorities for Global Research and Development of Interventions

1. Disease Burden Distribution, by Select World Bank Region, 2001
2. Disease Burden Distribution, by Select World Bank Region, 2001

Chapter 09. Millennium Development Goals for Health: What Will It Take to Accelerate Progress?

1. Effective Interventions to Achieve the Maternal Mortality MDG

Chapter 26. Maternal and Perinatal Conditions

1. Direct Causes of Maternal Mortality
2. Estimates of Maternal Mortality, By Region, 2000
3. Cost-effectiveness of Interventions for Maternal and Perinatal Conditions
4. DALYs for Maternal and Early Neonatal* Conditions, Selected Regions, 2001
5. Deaths in the First Week of Life, Selected Regions, 2001

Chapter 27. Newborn Survival

1. Cost of Adding Newborn Care Packages to Maternal and Child Health Services

Chapter 57. Contraception

1. Average Cost of Family Planning Services per Infant and Maternal Death Averted
2. Maternal Burden of Disease Associated with Unwanted Pregnancy and Unsafe Abortion